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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 28

The slaves withheld from questioning

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Rosc. Am. 28.1Vērum haec missa faciō;But I let these things go; Rosc. Am. 28.1illud quaerō, is homō quī ut tūte dīcis, numquam inter hominēs fuerit, per quōs hominēs hoc tantum facinus, tam occultum, absēns praesertim, cōnficere potuerit.this is what I ask: through what men could this man, who, as you yourself say, has never been among men, have carried out so great a deed, so secret, and that while he was absent? Rosc. Am. 28.1Multa sunt falsa, iūdicēs, quae tamen arguī suspīciōsē possunt;There are many false charges, judges, which can nevertheless be argued in a way that arouses suspicion; Rosc. Am. 28.1in hīs rēbus sī suspīciō reperta erit, culpam īnesse concēdam.in these matters, if any ground of suspicion is found, I shall concede that there is guilt. Rosc. Am. 28.1Rōmae Sex. Roscius occīditur, cum in agrō Amerīnō esset fīlius.Sextus Roscius is killed at Rome while his son was on the estate at Ameria. Rosc. Am. 28.1Litterās, crēdō, mīsit alicui sīcāriō quī Rōmae nōverat nēminem.He sent a letter, I suppose, to some assassin, he who knew no one at Rome. Rosc. Am. 28.1Arcessīvit aliquem.He summoned someone.

Rosc. Am. 28.1Quem aut quandō?Whom, or when? Rosc. Am. 28.1Nūntium mīsit.He sent a messenger. Rosc. Am. 28.1Quem aut ad quem?Whom, or to whom? Rosc. Am. 28.1Pretiō, grātiā, spē, prōmissīs indūxit aliquem.He induced someone with money, influence, hope, promises. Rosc. Am. 28.1Nihil hōrum nē cōnfingī quidem potest;None of these things can even be invented; Rosc. Am. 28.1et tamen causa dē parricīdiō dīcitur.and yet a case of parricide is being tried. Rosc. Am. 28.77Reliquum est ut per servōs id admīserit.The remaining possibility is that he committed it through slaves. Rosc. Am. 28.77Ō, dī immortālēs, rem miseram et calamitōsam!O immortal gods, what a wretched and calamitous state of affairs! Rosc. Am. 28.77Quid ?What then? Rosc. Am. 28.77In tālī crīmine quod innocentī salūtī solet esse ut servōs in quaestiōnem polliceātur, id Sex. Rosciō facere nōn licet?In such a charge, is Sextus Roscius not allowed to do what usually saves an innocent man, to offer his slaves for examination? Rosc. Am. 28.77Vōs quī hunc accūsātis omnīs eius servōs habētis;You who accuse him have all his slaves; Rosc. Am. 28.77ūnus puer vīctūs cōtīdiānī administer ex tantā familiā Sex. Rosciō relictus nōn est.not a single slave-boy to serve his daily food has been left to Sextus Roscius out of so large a household.

Rosc. Am. 28.77Tē nunc appellō, P. Scīpiō, tē, M. Metelle;I appeal to you now, Publius Scipio, and to you, Marcus Metellus; Rosc. Am. 28.77vōbīs advocātīs, vōbīs agentibus aliquotiēns duōs servōs paternōs in quaestiōnem ab adversāriīs Sex. Roscius postulāvit;with you as his supporters, with you acting for him, Sextus Roscius several times demanded from his opponents two of his father's slaves for examination; Rosc. Am. 28.77meministisne T. Roscium recūsāre?do you remember that Titus Roscius refused? Rosc. Am. 28.77Quid?Well? Rosc. Am. 28.77eī servī ubi sunt?where are those slaves? Rosc. Am. 28.77Chrȳsogonum, iūdicēs, sectantur;They are in Chrysogonus' train, judges; Rosc. Am. 28.77apud eum sunt in honōre et in pretiō.with him they are held in honour and at a high value. Rosc. Am. 28.77Etiam nunc ut ex eīs quaerātur ego postulō, hic ōrat atque obsecrat.Even now I demand that they be examined, and this man begs and implores it. Rosc. Am. 28.78Quid facitis?What are you doing? Rosc. Am. 28.78cūr recūsātis?why do you refuse? Rosc. Am. 28.78Dubitāte etiam nunc, iūdicēs, sī potestis, ā quō sit Sex. Roscius occīsus, ab eōne quī propter illīus mortem in egestāte et in īnsidiīs versātur, cui nē quaerendī quidem dē morte patris potestās permittitur, an ab eīs quī quaestiōnem fugitant, bona possident, in caede atque ex caede vīvunt.Doubt even now, judges, if you can, by whom Sextus Roscius was killed: by the man who because of his death lives in poverty and amid plots, who is not even allowed to inquire into his father's death, or by those who shun examination, possess his property, and live in bloodshed and on bloodshed.

Rosc. Am. 28.78Omnia, iūdicēs, in hāc causā sunt misera atque indigna;Everything in this case, judges, is wretched and outrageous; Rosc. Am. 28.78tamen hōc nihil neque acerbius neque inīquius prōferrī potest: mortis paternae dē servīs paternīs quaestiōnem habēre fīliō nōn licet!yet nothing can be cited more bitter or more unjust than this: a son is not allowed to have his father's slaves examined about his father's death! Rosc. Am. 28.78Nē tam diū quidem dominus erit in suōs dum ex eīs dē patris morte quaerātur?Is he not to be master over his own slaves even for as long as it takes to question them about his father's death? Rosc. Am. 28.78Veniam, neque ita multō posteā, ad hunc locum;I shall come to this point, and not much later; Rosc. Am. 28.78nam hoc tōtum ad Rosciōs pertinet, dē quōrum audāciā tum mē dictūrum pollicitus sum, cum Erucī crīmina dīluissem.for this whole matter concerns the Roscii, about whose audacity I promised I would speak when I had refuted Erucius' charges.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (156 words)
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
homō, hominis, m.man
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
numquam, adv.never
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
tam, adv.so
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
absēns, -entisabsent, away
praesertim (adv.)especially
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
suspīciōsē (adv.)so as to arouse suspicion
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sī, conj.if
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ager, agri, m.field, land
Amerīnus, -a, -umof Ameria in Umbria
fīlius, -ī, m.son
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
sīcārius, -ī m.assassin, cutthroat
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
spēs, speī, f.hope
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cōnfingō, -ere, -fīnxī, -fictusfabricate, invent, make up
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
ō (interj.)O! oh!
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
calamitōsus, -a, -umdisastrous, ruinous
tālis, -esuch
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
nōn, adv.not
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
vōsplur. of tū
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
omnis, -eall, every
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
puer, puerī, m.boy
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
cottīdiānus, -a, -umdaily
administer, -trī m.assistant, helper
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
nunc, adv.now
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
advocātus, -ī m.supporter in court, legal adviser, counsel; helper, friend called in
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
aliquotiēns (adv.)several times
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
meminī, meminisseremember
recūsō, -cūsāre, -cūsāvī, -cūsātusgive a reason against, refuse
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sector, -ārī, -ātus sumkeep following, chase after
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
honor, -ōris, m.honor
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
obsecrō, -secrāre, -secrāvī, -secrātusbeseech, entreat
cūr, adv.why
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
mors, mortīs, f.death
egestās, -ātis f.want, poverty
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
pater, patris, m.father
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
an, conj.or (in questions)
fugitō, -āre, -āvītry to escape, keep fleeing from
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nam, conj.for
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
tum, adv.then, at that time
dīluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash away, dissolve
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.