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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 26

The punishment of the sack

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Rosc. Am. 26.1Ō singulārem sapientiam, iūdicēs!What singular wisdom, judges! Rosc. Am. 26.1Nōnne videntur hunc hominem ex rērum nātūrā sustulisse et ēripuisse cui repente caelum, sōlem, aquam terramque adēmerint ut, quī eum necāsset unde ipse nātus esset, carēret eīs rēbus omnibus ex quibus omnia nāta esse dīcuntur?Do they not seem to have removed and snatched this man from the whole of nature, taking from him at a stroke sky, sun, water and earth, so that he who had killed the one from whom he himself was born should lack all those things from which all things are said to be born? Rosc. Am. 26.1Nōluērunt ferīs corpus obicere nē bēstiīs quoque quae tantum scelus attigissent immāniōribus ūterēmur;They did not want to throw his body to wild beasts, lest we should find even the beasts more savage for having touched so great a crime; Rosc. Am. 26.1nōn sīc nūdōs in flūmen dēicere nē, cum dēlātī essent in mare, ipsum polluerent quō cētera quae violāta sunt expiārī putantur;nor to throw them naked into the river like that, lest, when they had been carried down to the sea, they should pollute the very element by which all other things that have been defiled are thought to be purified; Rosc. Am. 26.1dēnique nihil tam vīle neque tam volgāre est cuius partem ūllam relīquerint.in short, there is nothing so cheap or so common that they left them any share of it.

Rosc. Am. 26.72Etenim quid tam est commūne quam spīritus vīvīs, terra mortuīs, mare flūctuantibus, lītus ēiectīs?For what is so common as breath to the living, earth to the dead, the sea to those tossed on the waves, the shore to those cast up? Rosc. Am. 26.72Ita vīvunt, dum possunt, ut dūcere animam dē caelō nōn queant, ita moriuntur ut eōrum ossa terra nōn tangat, ita iactantur flūctibus ut numquam adluantur, ita postrēmō ēiciuntur ut nē ad saxa quidem mortuī conquiēscant.They live, while they can, in such a way that they cannot draw breath from the open sky; they die in such a way that the earth does not touch their bones; they are tossed by the waves in such a way that they are never washed clean; finally they are cast out in such a way that not even on the rocks can they rest in death. Rosc. Am. 26.72Tantī maleficī crīmen, cui maleficiō tam īnsigne supplicium est cōnstitūtum, probāre tē, Erucī, cēnsēs posse tālibus virīs, sī nē causam quidem maleficī prōtuleris?Do you think, Erucius, that you can prove to such men a charge of so great a crime, a crime for which so signal a punishment has been established, when you have not even put forward a motive for the crime?

Rosc. Am. 26.72sī hunc apud bonōrum ēmptōrēs ipsōs accūsārēs eīque iūdiciō Chrȳsogonus praeesset, tamen dīligentius parātiusque vēnissēs.if you were accusing him before the buyers of the property themselves, and Chrysogonus were presiding over that court, you would still have come more carefully and better prepared. Rosc. Am. 26.73Vtrum quid agātur nōn vidēs, an apud quōs agātur?Do you not see what the case is, or before whom it is being tried? Rosc. Am. 26.73Agitur dē parricīdiō quod sine multīs causīs suscipī nōn potest;It is a case of parricide, which cannot be undertaken without many motives; Rosc. Am. 26.73apud hominēs autem prūdentissimōs agitur quī intellegunt nēminem nē minimum quidem maleficium sine causā admittere.and it is being tried before men of the greatest wisdom, who understand that no one commits even the smallest crime without a motive.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (133 words)
ō (interj.)O! oh!
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
homō, hominis, m.man
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
repente (adv.)suddenly
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
aqua, -ae, f.water
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
que, enclitic conj.and
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
unde, adv.whence
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
omnis, -eall, every
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
corpus, corporis, n.body
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
bestia, -ae f.beast, wild animal
quoque, adv.also
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
nōn, adv.not
sīc, adv.so, thus
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
flūmen, -minis, n.river
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
mare, maris, n.sea
polluō, -ere, -uī, -ūtussoil, defile, desecrate
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
expiō, -piāre, -piāvī, -piātusexpiate
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tam, adv.so
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vulgāris, -ecommon, ordinary, usual
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ūllus, -a, -umany
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
mortuus, -a, -umdead
flūctuō, -āre, -āvīmove like waves; waver, hesitate
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
queō, -īre, -īvī (-iī)be able, can
morior, morī, mortuusdie
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
numquam, adv.never
alluō (adluō), -ere, -luīwash against, bathe (of sea or river)
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
conquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētusrest, take rest
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
sī, conj.if
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ēmptor, -ōris m.buyer, purchaser
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
parātē (adv.)with preparation, readily; (comp.) parātius: more readily
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
an, conj.or (in questions)
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
sine, prep. with abl.without
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.