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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 15

Was the son banished to the country?

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Rosc. Am. 15.1"Nesciō" inquit "quae causa odī fuerit;'I do not know,' he says, 'what the reason for the hatred was; Rosc. Am. 15.1fuisse odium intellegō quia anteā, cum duōs fīliōs habēret, illum alterum quī mortuus est sēcum omnī tempore volēbat esse, hunc in praedia rūstica relēgārat."but I understand that there was hatred, because formerly, when he had two sons, he wanted the other one, who has died, to be with him at all times, while this one he had banished to his country farms.' Rosc. Am. 15.1Quod Eruciō accidēbat in malā nūgātōriāque accūsātiōne, idem mihi ūsū vēnit in causā optimā.What befell Erucius in his bad and trifling accusation has happened to me in an excellent case. Rosc. Am. 15.1Ille quō modō crīmen commentīcium cōnfirmāret nōn inveniēbat, ego rēs tam levīs quā ratiōne īnfirmem ac dīluam reperīre nōn possum.He could not find how to support a fabricated charge, and I cannot discover by what means to weaken and wash away things so trivial. Rosc. Am. 15.43Quid ais, Erucī?What do you say, Erucius? Rosc. Am. 15.43tot praedia, tam pulchra, tam frūctuōsa Sex. Roscius fīliō suō relēgātiōnis ac supplicī grātiā colenda ac tuenda trādiderat?had Sextus Roscius handed over so many farms, so fine, so productive, to his son to cultivate and look after by way of banishment and punishment?

Rosc. Am. 15.43Quid?What? Rosc. Am. 15.43hoc patrēs familiae quī līberōs habent, praesertim hominēs illīus ōrdinis ex mūnicipiīs rūsticānīs, nōnne optātissimum sibi putant esse fīliōs suōs reī familiārī maximē servīre et in praediīs colendīs operae plūrimum studīque cōnsūmere?do not fathers of families who have children, especially men of that class from country towns, think it most desirable for themselves that their sons should devote themselves above all to the family estate and spend most of their effort and zeal on cultivating their farms? Rosc. Am. 15.44An āmandārat hunc sīc ut esset in agrō ac tantum modo alerētur ad vīllam, ut commodīs omnibus carēret?Or had he sent this man away in such a way that he was kept in the country and merely fed at the farmhouse, so that he lacked every comfort? Rosc. Am. 15.44Quid?What? Rosc. Am. 15.44sī cōnstat hunc nōn modo colendīs praediīs praefuisse sed certīs fundīs patre vīvō fruī solitum esse, tamennē haec ā tē vīta eius rūsticāna relēgātiō atque āmandātiō appellābitur?if it is agreed that this man not only managed the cultivation of the farms but was accustomed to enjoy the income of certain estates while his father was alive, will this life of his in the country still be called banishment and sending away by you?

Rosc. Am. 15.44Vidēs, Erucī, quantum distet argūmentātiō tua ab rē ipsā atque ā vēritāte.You see, Erucius, how far your argument stands from the facts themselves and from the truth. Rosc. Am. 15.44Quod cōnsuētūdine patrēs faciunt, id quasi novum reprehendis;What fathers do by custom, you find fault with as though it were new; Rosc. Am. 15.44quod benivolentiā fit, id odiō factum crīmināris;what is done out of goodwill, you charge as done out of hatred; Rosc. Am. 15.44quod honōris causā pater fīliō suō concessit, id eum supplicī causā fēcisse dīcis.what a father granted his son as an honour, you say that he did as a punishment. Rosc. Am. 15.45Neque haec tū nōn intellegis, sed ūsque eō quid arguās nōn habēs, ut nōn modo tibi contrā nōs dīcendum putēs vērum etiam contrā rērum nātūram contrāque cōnsuētūdinem hominum contrāque opīniōnēs omnium.Nor do you fail to understand this, but you are so utterly at a loss for anything to charge that you think you must speak not only against us but also against the nature of things, against the custom of mankind and against the opinions of all.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
odium, -ī, n.hatred
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
quia (conj.)because
anteā, adv.before
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
fīlius, -ī, m.son
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
morior, morī, mortuusdie
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
omnis, -eall, every
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
volō, velle, voluīwish
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
praedium, -ī n.estate, farm
rūsticus, -a, -umrural, of the country
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
malus, -a, -umbad
nūgātōrius, -a, -umtrifling, worthless, futile
que, enclitic conj.and
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
bonus, -a, -umgood
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
commentīcius, -a, -uminvented, made up, fictitious
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
nōn, adv.not
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tam, adv.so
levis, -elight, slight
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
īnfirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken; (passive) be sick
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dīluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash away, dissolve
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
tot (indecl.)so many
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
frūctuōsus, -a, -umfruitful, productive
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
relēgātiō, -ōnis f.banishment, removal to a place (without loss of citizenship)
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
pater, patris, m.father
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
praesertim (adv.)especially
homō, hominis, m.man
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
rūsticānus, -a, -umcountry, rustic, of the countryside
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
optātus, -a, -umwished for, welcome
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
an, conj.or (in questions)
āmandō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, banish
sīc, adv.so, thus
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ager, agri, m.field, land
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
modo, adv.only
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
sī, conj.if
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
sed, conj.but
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
fundus, -ī m.bottom, depths
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
vīta, -ae, f.life
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
āmandātiō, -ōnis f.sending away, banishment
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quantum, adv.how much? how?
distō, -ārestand apart, be distant
argūmentātiō, -ōnis f.line of argument, reasoning
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vēritās, -ātis f.truth
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quasi, conj.as if
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
honor, -ōris, m.honor
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
nōsplur. of ego
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.