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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 13

Three obstacles; the charge of parricide

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Rosc. Am. 13.1Trēs sunt rēs, quantum ego exīstimāre possum, quae obstent hōc tempore Sex. Rosciō, crīmen adversāriōrum et audācia et potentia.There are three things, as far as I can judge, which stand in the way of Sextus Roscius at this time: the charge brought by his opponents, their recklessness and their power. Rosc. Am. 13.1Crīminis cōnfictiōnem accūsātor Erucius suscēpit, audāciae partīs Rosciī sibi poposcērunt, Chrȳsogonus autem, is quī plūrimum potest, potentia pugnat.The fabrication of the charge the accuser Erucius has undertaken, the part of recklessness the Roscii have claimed for themselves, while Chrysogonus, the man who has the most power, fights with power. Rosc. Am. 13.1Dē hīsce omnibus rēbus mē dīcere oportēre intellegō.I realise that I must speak about all these things. Rosc. Am. 13.1Quid igitur est?What, then? Rosc. Am. 13.36Nōn eōdem modō dē omnibus, ideō quod prīma illa rēs ad meum officium pertinet, duās autem reliquās vōbīs populus Rōmānus imposuit;Not in the same way about all, because the first of them belongs to my duty, while the other two the Roman people has laid upon you; Rosc. Am. 13.36ego crīmen oportet dīluam, vōs et audāciae resistere et hominum eius modī perniciōsam atque intolerandam potentiam prīmō quōque tempore exstinguere atque opprimere dēbētis.I must wash away the charge, while you ought both to resist recklessness and at the earliest opportunity to extinguish and crush the ruinous and intolerable power of men of this kind.

Rosc. Am. 13.37Occīdisse patrem Sex. Roscius arguitur.Sextus Roscius is accused of having killed his father. Rosc. Am. 13.37Scelestum, dī immortālēs!A wicked deed, immortal gods! Rosc. Am. 13.37ac nefārium facinus atque eius modī quō ūnō maleficiō scelera omnia complexa esse videantur!and an impious crime, and of such a kind that in this single misdeed all crimes seem to be contained! Rosc. Am. 13.37Etenim sī, id quod praeclārē ā sapientibus dīcitur, voltū saepe laeditur pietās, quod supplicium satis ācre reperiētur in eum quī mortem obtulerit parentī?For if, as is admirably said by the wise, filial duty is often wounded by a look, what punishment will be found harsh enough against one who has brought death on his parent? Rosc. Am. 13.37prō quō morī ipsum, sī rēs postulāret, iūra dīvīna atque hūmāna cōgēbant.for whom laws divine and human compelled him to die himself, if the situation demanded it. Rosc. Am. 13.38In hōc tantō, tam atrōcī, tam singulārī maleficiō, quod ita rārō exstitit ut, sī quandō audītum sit, portentī ac prōdigī simile numerētur, quibus tandem tū, C. Erucī, argūmentīs accūsātōrem cēnsēs ūtī oportēre?In so great, so atrocious, so singular a misdeed, which has occurred so rarely that, if ever it has been heard of, it is reckoned like a portent and prodigy, what arguments, pray, Gaius Erucius, do you think an accuser ought to use?

Rosc. Am. 13.38nōnne et audāciam eius quī in crīmen vocētur singulārem ostendere et mōrēs ferōs immānemque nātūram et vītam vitiīs flāgitiīsque omnibus dēditam, dēnique omnia ad perniciem prōflīgāta atque perdita?ought he not to show both the singular recklessness of the man who is called to account, and his savage character and monstrous nature, and a life given over to every vice and outrage, in short everything abandoned and lost to ruin? Rosc. Am. 13.38Quōrum tū nihil in Sex. Roscium nē obiciendī quidem causā contulistī.Not one of these things have you brought against Sextus Roscius, not even for the sake of a reproach.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (140 words)
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
cōnfictiō, -ōnis f.fabrication, invention (of a charge)
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
omnis, -eall, every
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
igitur, conj.therefore
nōn, adv.not
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
quod, conj.that, in that, because
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
vōsplur. of tū
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
dīluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash away, dissolve
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
homō, hominis, m.man
perniciōsus, -a, -umdestructive, ruinous, dangerous
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
intolerandus, -a, -umunbearable, intolerable
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
pater, patris, m.father
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
scelestus, -a, -umwicked, criminal
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
sī, conj.if
praeclārē, adv.splendidly, brilliantly, very well
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
saepe, adv.often, frequently
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mors, mortīs, f.death
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
morior, morī, mortuusdie
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
tam, adv.so
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
rārō (adv.)seldom, rarely
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
portentum, -ī n.omen, portent, marvel
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
immānis, -ehuge, enormous; savage
que, enclitic conj.and
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
vīta, -ae, f.life
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
flāgitium, -ī n.shameful act, disgrace, outrage
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
prōflīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrout, defeat utterly
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.