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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 12

Fimbria and Scaevola: a parallel

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Rosc. Am. 12.1Hominem longē audācissimum nūper habuimus in cīvitāte C. Fimbriam et, quod inter omnīs cōnstat, nisi inter eōs quī ipsī quoque īnsāniunt īnsānissimum.We had lately in our state a man by far the most reckless, Gaius Fimbria, and, as is agreed among everyone except those who are themselves mad as well, the maddest. Rosc. Am. 12.1Is cum cūrāsset in fūnere C. Marī ut Q. Scaevola volnerārētur, vir sānctissimus atque ōrnātissimus nostrae cīvitātis, dē cuius laude neque hic locus est ut multa dīcantur neque plūra tamen dīcī possunt quam populus Rōmānus memoriā retinet, diem Scaevolae dīxit, posteā quam comperit eum posse vīvere.When at the funeral of Gaius Marius he had arranged for Quintus Scaevola to be wounded, the most upright and most distinguished man in our state, about whose merits this is not the place for much to be said, nor indeed can more be said than the Roman people retains in its memory, he served a summons on Scaevola after he discovered that he could live. Rosc. Am. 12.1Cum ab eō quaererētur quid tandem accūsātūrus esset eum quem prō dignitāte nē laudāre quidem quisquam satis commodē posset, aiunt hominem, ut erat furiōsus, respondisse: "quod nōn tōtum tēlum corpore recēpisset."When he was asked what on earth he was going to accuse a man of whom no one could even praise adequately as his worth deserved, they say that the fellow, raving as he was, replied: 'That he had not taken the whole weapon into his body.' Rosc. Am. 12.1Quō populus Rōmānus nihil vīdit indignius nisi eiusdem virī mortem, quae tantum potuit ut omnīs occīsus perdiderit et adflīxerit;The Roman people saw nothing more outrageous than this, except the death of that same man, which had such power that by being killed he ruined and laid low everyone; Rosc. Am. 12.1quōs quia servāre per compositiōnem volēbat, ipse ab eīs interēmptus est.for, because he wished to save them by a settlement, he was himself destroyed by them.

Rosc. Am. 12.34Estne hoc illī dictō atque factō Fimbriānō simillimum?Is this not very like that saying and that deed of Fimbria? Rosc. Am. 12.34Accūsātis Sex. Roscium.You accuse Sextus Roscius. Rosc. Am. 12.34Quid ita?Why so? Rosc. Am. 12.34Quia dē manibus vestrīs effūgit, quia sē occīdī passus nōn est.Because he has escaped from your hands, because he has not allowed himself to be killed. Rosc. Am. 12.34Illud, quia in Scaevolā factum est, magis indignum vidētur, hoc, quia fit ā Chrȳsogonō, nōn est ferendum.The one seems more outrageous because it was done to Scaevola; the other is not to be borne because it is being done by Chrysogonus. Rosc. Am. 12.34Nam per deōs immortālīs!For, by the immortal gods! Rosc. Am. 12.34quid est in hāc causā quod dēfēnsiōnis indigeat?what is there in this case that needs defending? Rosc. Am. 12.34quī locus ingenium patrōnī requīrit aut ōrātōris ēloquentiam magnō opere dēsīderat?what point requires the talent of an advocate, or calls greatly for an orator's eloquence? Rosc. Am. 12.34Tōtam causam, iūdicēs, explicēmus atque ante oculōs expositam cōnsīderēmus;Let us unfold the whole case, judges, and consider it laid out before our eyes; Rosc. Am. 12.34ita facillimē quae rēs tōtum iūdicium contineat et quibus dē rēbus nōs dīcere oporteat et quid vōs sequī conveniat intellegētis.in this way you will most easily understand what matter the whole trial turns on, what subjects we ought to speak about, and what course it is fitting for you to follow.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (133 words)
homō, hominis, m.man
longē, adv.far
audāx, -ācisbold, daring, reckless
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
omnis, -eall, every
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
nisi, conj.if not, unless
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quoque, adv.also
īnsāniō, -īre, -īvībe mad, be out of one's mind
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
vir, virī, m.man
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
noster, -tra, -trumour
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
memoria, -ae, f.memory
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
commodē (adv.)conveniently, easily, well
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
furiōsus, -a, -umraging, mad, frenzied
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nōn, adv.not
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
corpus, corporis, n.body
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
mors, mortīs, f.death
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
quia (conj.)because
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
compositiō, -ōnis f.arrangement; settlement, reconciliation
volō, velle, voluīwish
interimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdo away with, kill
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
factum, -ī n.deed, act
Fimbriānus, -a, -umof Fimbria, Fimbria-like
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
manus, -ūs, f.hand
vester, -tra, -trumyour
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
nam, conj.for
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
indigeō, -ēre, -uīneed, be in want of (+ gen. or abl.); nōn indiget nisi ut: needs only to
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
ēloquentia, -ae f.eloquence, skill in speaking
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
opus, operis, n.work, task
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
facile, adv.easily
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
nōsplur. of ego
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
vōsplur. of tū
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.