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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 10

Caecilia shelters Roscius; the prosecution planned

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Rosc. Am. 10.1Quod hic simul atque sēnsit, dē amīcōrum cognātōrumque sententiā Rōmam cōnfūgit et sēsē ad Caeciliam, Nepōtis sorōrem, Baliāricī fīliam, quam honōris causā nōminō, contulit, quā pater ūsus erat plūrimum;As soon as this man perceived it, on the advice of his friends and relatives he fled to Rome and betook himself to Caecilia, sister of Nepos and daughter of Balearicus, whom I name with respect, with whom his father had been on the closest terms; Rosc. Am. 10.1in quā muliere, iūdicēs, etiam nunc, id quod omnēs semper exīstimāvērunt, quasi exemplī causā vestīgia antīquī officī remanent.in this woman, judges, even now, as everyone has always judged, traces of the old sense of duty remain, as if for the sake of an example. Rosc. Am. 10.1Ea Sex. Roscium inopem, ēiectum domō atque expulsum ex suīs bonīs, fugientem latrōnum tēla et minās recēpit domum hospitīque oppressō iam dēspērātōque ab omnibus opitulāta est.She took Sextus Roscius into her house, destitute, thrown out of his home and driven from his property, fleeing from the weapons and threats of brigands, and she came to the aid of her guest when he was already crushed and given up by everyone.

Rosc. Am. 10.1Eius virtūte, fidē, dīligentiā factum est ut hic potius vīvus in reōs quam occīsus in prōscrīptōs referrētur.Through her courage, good faith and care it came about that this man was entered on the list of defendants alive rather than on the list of the proscribed as a murdered man. Rosc. Am. 10.28Nam postquam istī intellēxērunt summā dīligentiā vītam Sex. Roscī custōdīrī neque sibi ūllam caedis faciendae potestātem darī, cōnsilium cēpērunt plēnum sceleris et audāciae ut nōmen huius dē parricīdiō dēferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accūsātōrem veterem comparārent quī dē eā rē posset dīcere aliquid, in quā rē nūlla subesset suspīciō, dēnique ut, quoniam crīmine nōn poterant, tempore ipsō pugnārent.For after these men realised that the life of Sextus Roscius was being guarded with the greatest care, and that no opportunity of committing murder was given them, they formed a plan full of wickedness and recklessness: to charge him with parricide, to procure for that purpose some veteran accuser who could say something on the matter, even where no suspicion lay beneath it, and finally, since they could not fight with a charge, to fight with the times themselves.

Rosc. Am. 10.28Ita loquī hominēs: "quod iūdicia tam diū facta nōn essent, condemnārī eum oportēre quī prīmus in iūdicium adductus esset;This is how men talked: 'Since there had been no trials for so long, the first man brought to trial ought to be condemned; Rosc. Am. 10.28huic autem patrōnōs propter Chrȳsogonī grātiam dēfutūrōs;and advocates would be lacking for him because of Chrysogonus' influence; Rosc. Am. 10.28dē bonōrum vēnditiōne et dē istā societāte verbum esse factūrum nēminem;no one would say a word about the sale of the property and about that partnership; Rosc. Am. 10.28ipsō nōmine parricīdī et atrōcitāte crīminis fore ut hic nūllō negōtiō tollerētur, cum ab nūllō dēfēnsus esset."by the very name of parricide and the atrocity of the charge it would come about that this man would be put out of the way without any trouble, since he would have been defended by no one.' Rosc. Am. 10.29Hōc cōnsiliō atque adeō hāc āmentiā impulsī quem ipsī, cum cuperent, nōn potuērunt occīdere, eum iugulandum vōbīs trādidērunt.Driven by this plan, or rather by this madness, they have handed over to you to have his throat cut the man whom they could not kill themselves, though they wished to.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
cognātus, -ī m.kinsman, relative
que, enclitic conj.and
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
soror, -ōris, f.sister
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
honor, -ōris, m.honor
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
pater, patris, m.father
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nunc, adv.now
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
omnis, -eall, every
semper, adv.always
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
quasi, conj.as if
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
antīquus, -a, -umancient
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
remaneō, -ēre, -mānsīstay behind, remain
inops, -opispoor, needy
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
latrō, -ōnis, m.robber
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
iam, adv.now, already
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
opitulor, -ārī, -ātus sumbring help, relieve (+ dat.)
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
potius (adv.)rather
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
prōscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuspublish; outlaw (put a man's name on a list, his life and property forfeit)
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
nam, conj.for
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
vīta, -ae, f.life
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūllus, -a, -umany
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
plēnus, -a, -umfull
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
vetus, veterisold, former
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
subsum, -essebe near, be close by
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
quoniam, conj.since now, since
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
nōn, adv.not
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
homō, hominis, m.man
quod, conj.that, in that, because
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
tam, adv.so
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
condemnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscondemn; (+ gen.) convict of
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
vēnditiō, -ōnis f.sale, selling
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
verbum, -ī, n.word
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
atrōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, harshness, cruelty
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
āmentia, -ae, f.madness
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
iugulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut the throat of, murder
vōsplur. of tū
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.