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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 9

The lawyer and the soldier compared

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Mur. 9.1Servius hic nōbīscum hanc urbānam mīlitiam respondendī, scrībendī, cavendī plēnam sollicitūdinis ac stomachī secūtus est;Servius here followed with us this city service of giving opinions, drafting documents and framing safeguards, full of anxiety and vexation; Mur. 9.1iūs cīvīle didicit, multum vigilāvit, labōrāvit, praestō multīs fuit, multōrum stultitiam perpessus est, adrogantiam pertulit, difficultātem exsorbuit;he learnt civil law, he kept long vigils, he laboured, he was at the service of many, he endured the folly of many, put up with their arrogance, swallowed their awkwardness; Mur. 9.1vīxit ad aliōrum arbitrium, nōn ad suum.he lived at the bidding of others, not his own. Mur. 9.1Magna laus et grāta hominibus ūnum hominem ēlabōrāre in eā scientiā quae sit multīs prōfutūra.It is a great merit, and one welcome to men, that one man should toil at a science which is to benefit many. Mur. 9.20Quid Mūrēna intereā?What was Murena doing meanwhile? Mur. 9.20Fortissimō et sapientissimō virō, summō imperātōrī lēgātus, Lūcullō, fuit;He was legate to a most brave and wise man, a supreme commander, Lucullus; Mur. 9.20quā in lēgātiōne dūxit exercitum, signa contulit, manum cōnseruit, magnās cōpiās hostium fūdit, urbīs partim vī, partim obsidiōne cēpit, Asiam istam refertam et eandem dēlicātam sīc obiit ut in eā neque avāritiae neque luxuriae vestīgium relīquerit, maximō in bellō sīc est versātus ut hic multās rēs et magnās sine imperātōre gesserit, nūllam sine hōc imperātor.in that legateship he led an army, joined battle, came to close quarters, routed great forces of the enemy, took cities partly by assault and partly by siege, travelled through that Asia of yours, so rich and so voluptuous, in such a way that he left in it no trace of greed or luxury, and conducted himself in a very great war in such a way that he did many great things without the commander, while the commander did nothing without him.

Mur. 9.20Atque haec quamquam praesente Lūcullō loquor, tamen nē ab ipsō propter perīculum nostrum concessam videāmur habēre licentiam fingendī, pūblicīs litterīs testāta sunt omnia, quibus Lūcullus tantum laudis impertiit quantum neque ambitiōsus imperātor neque invidus tribuere alterī in commūnicandā glōriā dēbuit.And although I say this in the presence of Lucullus, still, so that we may not seem to have a licence for invention granted by him because of our danger, everything is attested in public dispatches, in which Lucullus bestowed as much praise as a commander who was neither self-seeking nor envious ought to grant to another in sharing out glory. Mur. 9.21Summa in utrōque est honestās, summa dignitās;In both men there is the highest honour, the highest standing; Mur. 9.21quam ego, sī mihi per Servium liceat, parī atque eādem in laude pōnam.and I would place this on an equal and identical footing of praise, if Servius allowed me. Mur. 9.21Sed nōn licet;But he does not allow it; Mur. 9.21agitat rem mīlitārem, īnsectātur tōtam hanc lēgātiōnem, adsiduitātis et operārum hārum cōtīdiānārum putat esse cōnsulātum.he harps on military affairs, he attacks this whole legateship, he thinks the consulship belongs to constant attendance and to these daily labours.

Mur. 9.21"Apud exercitum mihi fuerīs" inquit;'You were with the army,' he says; Mur. 9.21"tot annōs forum nōn attigerīs;'for so many years you did not set foot in the forum; Mur. 9.21āfuerīs tam diū et, cum longō intervallō vēnerīs, cum hīs quī in forō habitārint dē dignitāte contendās?"you have been away so long, and, after coming back after a long interval, are you to compete in standing with those who have lived in the forum?' Mur. 9.21Prīmum ista nostra adsiduitās, Servī, nescīs quantum interdum adferat hominibus fastīdī, quantum satietātis.First, Servius, you do not know how much weariness, how much surfeit that constant presence of ours sometimes brings to people. Mur. 9.21Mihi quidem vehementer expediit positam in oculīs esse grātiam;For me, indeed, it was greatly advantageous that my popularity was set before people's eyes; Mur. 9.21sed tamen ego meī satietātem magnō meō labōre superāvī et tū item fortasse;but even so I overcame the surfeit of me with great labour on my part, and you perhaps did the same; Mur. 9.21vērum tamen utrīque nostrum dēsīderium nihil obfuisset.but still, being missed would have done neither of us any harm.

Mur. 9.22Sed ut hōc omissō ad studiōrum atque artium contentiōnem revertāmur, quī potest dubitārī quīn ad cōnsulātum adipīscendum multō plūs adferat dignitātis reī mīlitāris quam iūris cīvīlis glōria?But to leave this aside and return to the comparison of pursuits and skills, how can it be doubted that for winning the consulship the glory of military achievement brings much more distinction than that of civil law? Mur. 9.22Vigilās tū dē nocte ut tuīs cōnsultōribus respondeās, ille ut eō quō intendit mātūrē cum exercitū perveniat;You keep vigil by night to give answers to your clients, he to reach in good time with his army the place he is making for; Mur. 9.22tē gallōrum, illum būcinārum cantus exsuscitat;you are woken by the crowing of cocks, he by the sound of trumpets; Mur. 9.22tū āctiōnem īnstituis, ille aciem īnstruit;you draw up a legal action, he draws up a battle line; Mur. 9.22tū cavēs nē tuī cōnsultōrēs, ille nē urbēs aut castra capiantur;you take care that your clients are not caught out, he that cities or camps are not captured; Mur. 9.22ille tenet et scit ut hostium cōpiae, tū ut aquae pluviae arceantur;he knows and understands how to keep off the forces of the enemy, you how to keep off rainwater; Mur. 9.22ille exercitātus est in prōpāgandīs fīnibus, tūque in regendīs.he is practised in extending boundaries, and you in regulating them.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×8, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (214 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nōsplur. of ego
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
plēnus, -a, -umfull
sollicitūdō, -tūdinis, f.anxiety, care, apprehension
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
stomachus, -ī m.gullet, windpipe; stomach
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
cīvīlis, -eof citizens; bellum cīvīle: civil war
discō, discere, didicīlearn
multum, -ī, n.much
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake, keep watch; be watchful
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
stultitia, -ae f.folly, foolishness
perpetior, -petī, -pessus sumendure, bear to the end
arrogantia, -ae f.arrogance
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
exsorbeō, -ēre, -sorbuīsuck out, drink up; swallow, put up with
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
arbitrium, -ī n.judgment, will, pleasure
nōn, adv.not
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
homō, hominis, m.man
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ēlabōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswork out, produce with effort
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
scientia, -ae, f.knowledge, skill
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
fortis, -ebrave
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
vir, virī, m.man
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cōnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertusjoin, fasten together; manum (manūs) cōnserere: come to blows, engage
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
urbs, urbis, f.city
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
refertus, -a, -umcrammed, stuffed, filled (with: abl.)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
sīc, adv.so, thus
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
avāritia, -ae f.greed
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
bellum, -ī, n.war
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sine, prep. with abl.without
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
quamquam, conj.however much, although
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
noster, -tra, -trumour
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
testor, -ārī, -ātus sumbear witness, declare, call to witness
omnis, -eall, every
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
impertiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusgive a share of, bestow
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ambitiōsus, -a, -umeager for office or popularity, ambitious
invidus, -a, -umenvious, jealous; as noun: an envious person, ill-wisher
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
glōria, -ae, f.glory
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
honestās, -ātis f.honor, integrity
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sī, conj.if
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
pār, parisequal
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
sed, conj.but
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
īnsector, -ārī, -ātus sumpursue, chase; harass
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
assiduitās (adsiduitās), -ātis f.constant presence, attendance; persistence
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
cōtīdiānus (cottīdiānus), -a, -umdaily, everyday; ordinary
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tot (indecl.)so many
annus, -ī, m.year
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
tam, adv.so
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
cum, prep, with abl.with
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdwell, inhabit
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
interdum (adv.)sometimes
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
fastīdium, -ī n.disdain, scorn, haughtiness; loathing, squeamishness; discomfort
satietās, -ātis f.fullness, satiety; weariness, disgust
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
oculus, -ī, m.eye
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
itemlikewise, also
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
obsum, -esse, -fuībe against, harm (with dat.)
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
ars, artis, f.art
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
nox, noctis, f.night
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
cōnsultor, -ōris m.client consulting a lawyer; adviser
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
gallus, -ī m.cock, rooster
būcina, -ae f.curved horn, trumpet
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
exsuscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswake up, rouse; stir up, kindle
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
aqua, -ae, f.water
pluvius, -a, -umrainy, rain-bringing
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
exercitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtrain, exercise
prōpāgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusextend, prolong; secure (for the future)
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
que, enclitic conj.and
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.