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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 3

Answers to Cato and Sulpicius

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Mur. 3.1Nam quod lēgem dē ambitū tulī, certē ita tulī ut eam quam mihimet ipsī iam prīdem tulerim dē cīvium perīculīs dēfendendīs nōn abrogārem.For as to my having carried a law on bribery, I certainly carried it in such a way as not to repeal the law which I long ago laid down for myself, about defending citizens in danger. Mur. 3.1Etenim sī largītiōnem factam esse cōnfitērer idque rēctē factum esse dēfenderem, facerem improbē, etiam sī alius lēgem tulisset;Indeed, if I admitted that bribery had taken place and maintained that it had been rightly done, I should be acting dishonestly, even if another man had carried the law; Mur. 3.1cum vērō nihil commissum contrā lēgem esse dēfendam, quid est quod meam dēfēnsiōnem lātiō lēgis impediat?but since I maintain that nothing was done against the law, what is there in my having carried the law to hinder my defence? Mur. 3.6Negat esse eiusdem sevēritātis Catilīnam exitium reī pūblicae intrā moenia mōlientem verbīs et paene imperiō ex urbe expulisse et nunc prō Mūrēnā dīcere.He says it is not consistent with the same strictness to have driven Catiline out of the city by words and almost by command when he was plotting the destruction of the state within its walls, and now to speak for Murena.

Mur. 3.6Ego autem hās partīs lēnitātis et misericordiae quās mē nātūra ipsa docuit semper ēgī libenter, illam vērō gravitātis sevēritātisque persōnam nōn appetīvī, sed ab rē pūblicā mihi impositam sustinuī, sīcut huius imperī dignitās in summō perīculō cīvium postulābat.But I have always gladly played the part of gentleness and mercy which nature herself taught me, while that role of gravity and severity I did not seek, but bore it when it was laid on me by the state, as the dignity of this office demanded when the citizens were in the greatest danger. Mur. 3.6Quod sī tum, cum rēs pūblica vim et sevēritātem dēsīderābat, vīcī nātūram et tam vehemēns fuī quam cōgēbar, nōn quam volēbam, nunc cum omnēs mē causae ad misericordiam atque ad hūmānitātem vocent, quantō tandem studiō dēbeō nātūrae meae cōnsuētūdinīque servīre?But if then, when the state required force and severity, I overcame my nature and was as stern as I was compelled to be, not as I wished, now, when every cause calls me to mercy and to humanity, with how much zeal, pray, ought I to serve my nature and my habit? Mur. 3.6Ac dē officiō dēfēnsiōnis meae ac dē ratiōne accūsātiōnis tuae fortasse etiam aliā in parte ōrātiōnis dīcendum nōbīs erit.And about the duty of my defence and the method of your accusation I shall perhaps have to speak in another part of my speech as well.

Mur. 3.7Sed mē, iūdicēs, nōn minus hominis sapientissimī atque ōrnātissimī, Ser. Sulpicī, conquestiō quam Catōnis accūsātiō commovēbat quī gravissimē et acerbissimē sē ferre dīxit mē familiāritātis necessitūdinisque oblītum causam Mūrēnae contrā sē dēfendere.But, judges, I was no less moved by the complaint of a most wise and accomplished man, Servius Sulpicius, than by Cato's accusation; he said that he took it most seriously and bitterly that I had forgotten our friendship and close ties and was defending Murena's case against him. Mur. 3.7Huic ego, iūdicēs, satis facere cupiō vōsque adhibēre arbitrōs.Him, judges, I wish to satisfy, and to call you in as arbiters. Mur. 3.7Nam cum grave est vērē accūsārī in amīcitiā, tum, etiam sī falsō accūsēris, nōn est neglegendum.For not only is it a serious thing to be truly accused in a friendship, but also, even if you are falsely accused, it is not to be neglected. Mur. 3.7Ego, Ser. Sulpicī, mē in petītiōne tuā tibi omnia studia atque officia prō nostrā necessitūdine et dēbuisse cōnfiteor et praestitisse arbitror.I admit, Servius Sulpicius, that in your candidature I owed you, by our close ties, every zeal and service, and I believe I rendered them.

Mur. 3.7Nihil tibi cōnsulātum petentī ā mē dēfuit quod esset aut ab amīcō aut ā grātiōsō aut ā cōnsule postulandum.When you were seeking the consulship, nothing was lacking from me that could be asked either of a friend or of a man of influence or of a consul. Mur. 3.7Abiit illud tempus;That time has passed; Mur. 3.7mūtāta ratiō est.the situation has changed. Mur. 3.7Sīc exīstimō, sīc mihi persuādeō, mē tibi contrā honōrem Mūrēnae quantum tū ā mē postulāre ausus sīs, tantum dēbuisse, contrā salūtem nihil dēbēre.This is my view, this is my conviction, that against Murena's office I owed you as much as you dared to ask of me, but against his safety I owe you nothing. Mur. 3.8Neque enim, sī tibi tum cum peterēs cōnsulātum studuī, nunc cum Mūrēnam ipsum petās, adiūtor eōdem pactō esse dēbeō.For if I supported you then, when you were seeking the consulship, I am not bound to be your helper in the same way now, when you are attacking Murena himself. Mur. 3.8Atque hoc nōn modo nōn laudārī sed nē concēdī quidem potest ut amīcīs nostrīs accūsantibus nōn etiam aliēnissimōs dēfendāmus.And this cannot be praised, nor even allowed: that when our friends are accusers we should not defend even complete strangers.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (170 words)
nam, conj.for
quod, conj.that, in that, because
lēx, lēgis f.law
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
nōn, adv.not
abrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrepeal; take away (a command) from (dat.)
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
sī, conj.if
largītiō, -ōnis f.lavish giving, bribery
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
que, enclitic conj.and
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
improbē (adv.)wickedly, shamelessly; immoderately
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
lātiō, -ōnis f.bringing; auxilii lātiō: right to give help; lēgis lātiō: proposing a law
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
exitium, -ī n.destruction, ruin
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
intrā, prep. with acc.within
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
verbum, -ī, n.word
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
paene, adv.almost, nearly
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
urbs, urbis, f.city
expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive out, expel
nunc, adv.now
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
lēnitās, -ātis f.gentleness, slowness
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
semper, adv.always
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
libenter, adv.willingly, gladly
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
sed, conj.but
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
sīcut (conj.)just as
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
tum, adv.then, at that time
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
tam, adv.so
vehemēns, -entisviolent, forceful, severe
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
volō, velle, voluīwish
omnis, -eall, every
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
nōsplur. of ego
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
minus, comp. adv.less
homō, hominis, m.man
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
ōrnātus, -a, -umequipped, fitted out
conquestiō, -ōnis f.complaint, lament
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
acerbē (adv.)harshly, bitterly; acerbius ferre: take hard
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
familiāritās, -ātis f.close friendship
necessitūdō, -inis f.close tie, relationship
oblīvīscor, -līvīscī, -lītusforget
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
vōsplur. of tū
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
arbiter, -trī m.judge, umpire
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
vērē (adv.)truly, really
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
falsō (adv.)falsely, wrongly
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
petītiō, -ōnis f.thrust, attack; candidacy
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
noster, -tra, -trumour
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
grātiōsus, -a, -umpopular, influential; obliging, done as a favour
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
sīc, adv.so, thus
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
honor, -ōris, m.honor
quantum, adv.how much? how?
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
adiūtor, -ōris m.helper, assistant
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
modo, adv.only
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.