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Cicero · Pro Murena

Pro Murena 23

Sulpicius' harsh bribery proposals

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Mur. 23.1Lēgem ambitūs flāgitāstī, quae tibi nōn dēerat;You demanded a law on bribery, which you did not lack; Mur. 23.1erat enim sevērissimē scrīpta Calpurnia.for there was the Calpurnian law, drafted with the utmost severity. Mur. 23.1Gestus est mōs et voluntātī et dignitātī tuae.Your wishes and your standing were humoured. Mur. 23.1Sed tōta illa lēx accūsātiōnem tuam, sī habērēs nocentem reum, fortasse armāsset;But that whole law would perhaps have armed your prosecution, if you had had a guilty defendant; Mur. 23.1petītiōnī vērō refrāgāta est.but it worked against your candidacy. Mur. 23.47Poena gravior in plēbem tuā vōce efflāgitāta est;A heavier penalty against the common people was demanded by your voice; Mur. 23.47commōtī animī tenuiōrum.the feelings of the poorer were stirred. Mur. 23.47Exsilium in nostrum ōrdinem;Exile for our order; Mur. 23.47concessit senātus postulātiōnī tuae, sed nōn libenter dūriōrem fortūnae commūnī condiciōnem tē auctōre cōnstituit.the senate gave in to your demand, but not gladly did it establish, at your instance, a harsher condition for our common lot. Mur. 23.47Morbī excūsātiōnī poena addita est;A penalty was attached to the excuse of illness; Mur. 23.47voluntās offēnsa multōrum quibus aut contrā valētūdinis commodum labōrandum est aut incommodō morbī etiam cēterī vītae frūctūs relinquendī.this offended the feelings of many, who must either labour against the interests of their health or, through the discomfort of illness, give up the other enjoyments of life as well.

Mur. 23.47Quid ergō?What then? Mur. 23.47haec quis tulit?who carried these measures? Mur. 23.47Is quī auctōritātī senātūs, voluntātī tuae pāruit, dēnique is tulit cui minimē prōderant.He who obeyed the authority of the senate and your wishes; in short, he carried them who stood least to gain from them. Mur. 23.47Illa quidem quae meā summā voluntāte senātus frequēns repudiāvit mediocriter adversāta tibi esse exīstimās?As for those proposals which a full senate rejected, very much in accordance with my wishes, do you think they did you only moderate harm? Mur. 23.47Cōnfūsiōnem suffrāgiōrum flāgitāstī, praerogātiōnum lēgis Mānīliae , aequātiōnem grātiae, dignitātis, suffrāgiōrum.You demanded the mixing of the votes, the prerogative ordering of the Manilian law, the levelling of influence, rank and votes. Mur. 23.47Graviter hominēs honestī atque in suīs vīcīnitātibus et mūnicipiīs grātiōsī tulērunt ā tālī virō esse pugnātum ut omnēs et dignitātis et grātiae gradūs tollerentur.Honourable men, influential in their own neighbourhoods and towns, took it hard that a man such as you had fought to have all grades of rank and influence abolished. Mur. 23.47Īdem ēditīciōs iūdicēs esse voluistī, ut odia occulta cīvium quae tacitīs nunc discordiīs continentur in fortūnās optimī cuiusque ērumperent.You also wanted jurors to be nominated by the prosecutor, so that the hidden hatreds of citizens, which are now held in check in silent discord, might burst out against the fortunes of all the best men.

Mur. 23.48Haec omnia tibi accūsandī viam mūniēbant, adipīscendī obsaepiēbant.All these things were paving the way for your prosecution but blocking the way to your success. Mur. 23.48Atque ex omnibus illa plaga est iniecta petītiōnī tuae nōn tacente mē maxima, dē quā ab homine ingeniōsissimō et cōpiōsissimō, Q. Hortēnsiō, multa gravissimē dicta sunt.And of them all, the greatest blow, struck at your candidacy not without my protest, was the one about which much has been said most weightily by that most talented and eloquent man, Quintus Hortensius. Mur. 23.48Quō etiam mihi dūrior locus est dīcendī datus ut, cum ante mē et ille dīxisset et vir summā dignitāte et dīligentiā et facultāte dīcendī, Crassus, ego in extrēmō nōn partem aliquam agerem causae sed dē tōtā rē dīcerem quod mihi vidērētur.For this reason, too, a harder position for speaking has been given me, in that, since both he and Crassus, a man of the highest standing, diligence and eloquence, had spoken before me, I, speaking last, was not to handle some part of the case but to say what I thought about the whole matter. Mur. 23.48Itaque in īsdem rēbus ferē versor et quoad possum, iūdicēs, occurrō vestrae satietātī.And so I am dealing with much the same points and, as far as I can, judges, I am trying to forestall your weariness.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (159 words)
lēx, lēgis f.law
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
flāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdemand urgently
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nōn, adv.not
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
sevērē (adv.; comp. sevērius)strictly, sternly
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
sed, conj.but
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
accūsātiō, -ōnis f.accusation, charge
sī, conj.if
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
nocēns, -entisguilty, criminal
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
petītiō, -ōnis f.thrust, attack; candidacy
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
refrāgor, -ārī, -ātus sumoppose, vote against, work against
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
efflāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdemand urgently, call for
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
tenuis, -ethin
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
noster, -tra, -trumour
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
senātus, -ūs m.senate
postulātiō, -ōnis f.request, demand
libenter, adv.willingly, gladly
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
excūsātiō, -ōnis f.excuse, plea
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
vīta, -ae, f.life
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
repudiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumreject, refuse
mediocriter (adv.)moderately (nōn mediocriter: greatly)
adversor, -ārī, -ātus sum (+ dat.)oppose, resist
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
cōnfūsiō, -ōnis f.confusion, disorder, uproar
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
praerogātiō, -ōnis f.prior voting (?); arrangement of the voting order
aequātiō, -ōnis f.equalising, equal distribution
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
homō, hominis, m.man
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vīcīnitās, -ātis f.neighborhood; the people living nearby
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
grātiōsus, -a, -umpopular, influential; obliging, done as a favour
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
omnis, -eall, every
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ēditīcius, -a, -umnamed, nominated; iūdicēs ēditīciī: jurors chosen by the prosecutor
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
volō, velle, voluīwish
odium, -ī, n.hatred
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
nunc, adv.now
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
bonus, -a, -umgood
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
via, -ae, f.road, way
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
obsaepiō, -īre, -saepsī, -saeptusfence off, block, bar
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
plāga, -ae f.blow, wound; affliction, illness
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ingeniōsus, -a, -umclever, talented, inventive
cōpiōsus, -a, -umwell supplied, wealthy
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
vester, -tra, -trumyour
satietās, -ātis f.fullness, satiety; weariness, disgust
Cicero, Pro Murena. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.