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Cicero · Pro Milone

Pro Milone 2

The jury's power to save Milo

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Mil. 2.1Ūnum genus est adversum īnfestumque nōbīs eōrum quōs P. Clōdī furor rapīnīs et incendiīs et omnibus exitiīs pūblicīs pāvit;One class alone is hostile and inimical to us: those whom the madness of Publius Clodius fed on plunder and arson and every kind of public ruin; Mil. 2.1quī hesternā etiam contiōne incitātī sunt ut vōbīs vōce praeīrent quid iūdicārētis.who were stirred up at yesterday's assembly too, to dictate to you aloud what verdict you should give. Mil. 2.1Quōrum clamor sī quī forte fuerit, admonēre vōs dēbēbit ut eum cīvem retineātis quī semper genus illud hominum clamōrēsque maximōs prae vestrā salūte neglēxit.If any shouting of theirs should chance to arise, it ought to warn you to keep that citizen who has always disregarded that class of men and their loudest shouts in comparison with your safety. Mil. 2.4Quam ob rem adeste animīs, iūdicēs, et timōrem, sī quem habētis, dēpōnite.Therefore pay close attention, judges, and lay aside your fear, if you have any. Mil. 2.4Nam sī umquam dē bonīs et fortibus virīs, sī umquam dē bene meritīs cīvibus potestās vōbīs iūdicandī fuit, sī dēnique umquam locus amplissimōrum ōrdinum dēlēctīs virīs datus est ut sua studia ergā fortīs et bonōs cīvīs, quae voltū et verbīs saepe significāssent, rē et sententiīs dēclārārent, hōc profectō tempore eam potestātem omnem vōs habētis ut statuātis utrum nōs quī semper vestrae auctōritātī dēditī fuimus semper miserī lūgeāmus an diū vexātī ā perditissimīs cīvibus aliquandō per vōs ac per vestram fidem, virtūtem sapientiamque recreēmur.For if ever you had the power of judging concerning good and brave men, if ever concerning well-deserving citizens, if, finally, an opportunity was ever given to chosen men of the most distinguished orders to declare by deed and by verdict their devotion to brave and good citizens, which they had often shown by look and word, at this moment surely you hold all that power, to decide whether we who have always been devoted to your authority are to mourn in misery for ever, or, after being long harassed by the most abandoned citizens, are at last to be restored through you and through your good faith, courage and wisdom.

Mil. 2.5Quid enim nōbīs duōbus, iūdicēs, labōriōsius, quid magis sollicitum, magis exercitum dīcī aut fingī potest, quī spē amplissimōrum praemiōrum ad rem pūblicam adductī metū crūdēlissimōrum suppliciōrum carēre nōn possumus?For what can be said or imagined, judges, more full of toil, more anxious, more harried than the two of us, who, drawn into public life by the hope of the most splendid rewards, cannot be free from the fear of the cruellest punishments? Mil. 2.5Equidem cēterās tempestātēs et procellās in illīs dumtaxat flūctibus contiōnum semper putāvī Milōnī esse subeundās, quia semper prō bonīs contrā improbōs sēnserat, in iūdiciō vērō et in eō cōnsiliō in quō ex coniūnctīs ōrdinibus amplissimī virī iūdicārent numquam exīstimāvī spem ūllam esse habitūrōs Milōnis inimīcōs ad eius nōn modo salūtem exstinguendam sed etiam glōriam per tālīs virōs īnfringendam.For my part, I always thought that Milo would have to undergo other storms and tempests, at least amid those waves of the public assemblies, because he had always taken the side of the good against the wicked; but in a court, and in that council in which the most distinguished men of the united orders were to give judgement, I never thought that Milo's enemies would have any hope, through such men, not only of destroying his safety but even of impairing his glory.

Mil. 2.6Quamquam in hāc causā iūdicēs, T. Annī tribūnātū rēbusque omnibus prō salūte reī pūblicae gestīs ad huius crīminis dēfēnsiōnem nōn abūtēmur.And yet in this case, judges, we shall not exploit the tribunate of Titus Annius and all his deeds for the safety of the state in order to defend him against this charge. Mil. 2.6Nisi oculīs vīderitis īnsidiās Milōnī ā Clōdiō esse factās, nec dēprecātūrī sumus ut crīmen hoc nōbīs propter multa praeclāra in rem pūblicam merita condōnētis, nec postulātūrī ut, quia mors P. Clōdī salūs vestra fuerit, idcircō eam virtūtī Milōnis potius quam populī Rōmānī fēlīcitātī adsignētis.Unless you see with your own eyes that an ambush was laid for Milo by Clodius, we shall neither beg you to pardon us this crime on account of our many splendid services to the state, nor demand that, because the death of Publius Clodius was your salvation, you should for that reason ascribe it to Milo's courage rather than to the good fortune of the Roman people. Mil. 2.6Sīn illīus īnsidiae clāriōrēs hāc lūce fuerint, tum dēnique obsecrābō obtestāborque vōs, iūdicēs, sī cētera āmīsimus, hoc nōbīs saltem ut relinquātur, vītam ab inimīcōrum audāciā tēlīsque ut impūne liceat dēfendere.But if his ambush proves clearer than this daylight, then at last I shall beg and implore you, judges, that, if we have lost everything else, this at least may be left to us: that we may defend our life against the audacity and weapons of our enemies without being punished.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (187 words)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
que, enclitic conj.and
nōsplur. of ego
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
rapīna, -ae f.plundering
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
omnis, -eall, every
exitium, -ī n.destruction, ruin
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
hesternus, -a, -umof yesterday, yesterday's,
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, provoke
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vōsplur. of tū
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
praeeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo before, lead the way
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
semper, adv.always
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
homō, hominis, m.man
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
vester, -tra, -trumyour
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
timor, -ōris, m.fear
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dēpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput down, deposit; lay aside, give up; ē memoriā dēpōnere, to forget
nam, conj.for
umquam, adv.ever
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
bonus, -a, -umgood
fortis, -ebrave
vir, virī, m.man
bene, adv.well; successfully
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
verbum, -ī, n.word
saepe, adv.often, frequently
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
dēditus, -a, -umdevoted, given up (to)
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
lūgeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctusmourn, grieve for
an, conj.or (in questions)
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
perditus, -a, -umabandoned, desperate
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
recreō, -creāre, -creāvī, -creātusmake anew, renew, refresh
enim, conj.for
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
labōriōsus, -a, -umlaborious, painstaking; hard-working
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
spēs, speī, f.hope
praemium, -ī, n.reward
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
crūdēlis, -ecruel
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
nōn, adv.not
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
procella, -ae f.storm, gale
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dumtaxat (adv.)only, merely; at least
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
quia (conj.)because
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
numquam, adv.never
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
ūllus, -a, -umany
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
modo, adv.only
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
sed, conj.but
glōria, -ae, f.glory
tālis, -esuch
īnfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak, crush; weaken
quamquam, conj.however much, although
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
tribūnātus, -ūs m.tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people)
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
abūtor, -ūtī, -ūsus sumuse up; abuse, take advantage of (+ abl.)
nisi, conj.if not, unless
oculus, -ī, m.eye
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
condōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumforgive, overlook (for someone's sake)
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
mors, mortīs, f.death
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
adsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassign, allot; put down to, impute to
sīn (conj.)but if
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
lūx, lūcis, f.light
tum, adv.then, at that time
obsecrō, -secrāre, -secrāvī, -secrātusbeseech, entreat
obtestor, -testārī, -testātuscall to witness; beseech, implore
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
saltem (adv.)at least
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
vīta, -ae, f.life
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
impūne (adv.)without punishment
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
Cicero, Pro Milone. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes II (Oxford, 1918), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.