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Cicero · Pro Caelio

Pro Caelio 31

A young man's ambition reined in

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Cael. 31.1Vellem aliō potius eum cupiditās glōriae dētulisset;I wish his desire for glory had carried him elsewhere instead; Cael. 31.1sed abiit huius tempus querēlae.but the time for this complaint has passed. Cael. 31.1Accūsāvit C. Antōnium, conlēgam meum, cui miserō praeclārī in rem pūblicam beneficī memoria nihil prōfuit, nocuit opīniō maleficī cōgitātī.He prosecuted Gaius Antonius, my colleague, whom, poor man, the memory of an outstanding service to the state did not help at all, while the belief that he had contemplated a crime harmed him. Cael. 31.1Posteā nēminī umquam concessit aequālium plūs ut in forō, plūs ut in negōtiīs versārētur causīsque amīcōrum, plūs ut valēret inter suōs grātiā.After that he never yielded to any of his contemporaries in being more often in the forum, more often engaged in business and in the cases of his friends, in having more influence among his own people. Cael. 31.1Quae nisi vigilantēs hominēs, nisi sōbriī, nisi industriī cōnsequī nōn possunt, omnia labōre et dīligentiā est cōnsecūtus.All these things, which none but watchful, sober and industrious men can attain, he attained by labour and diligence. Cael. 31.75In hōc flexū quasi aetātis — nihil enim occultābō frētus hūmānitāte ac sapientiā vestrā — fāma adulēscentis paululum haesit ad mētās nōtitiā novā eius mulieris et īnfēlīcī vīcīnitāte et īnsolentiā voluptātum, quae, cum inclūsae diūtius et prīmā aetāte compressae et cōnstrictae fuērunt, subitō sē nōn numquam profundunt atque ēiciunt ūniversae.At this turning point, as it were, of his life — for I shall hide nothing, relying on your kindness and wisdom — the young man's reputation stuck a little at the turning-post, because of his recent acquaintance with that woman, his unlucky neighbourhood, and his unfamiliarity with pleasures, which, when they have been shut in for a long time and held down and restrained in early youth, sometimes suddenly pour forth and burst out all at once.

Cael. 31.75Quā ex vītā vel dīcam quō ex sermōne — nēquāquam enim tantum erat quantum hominēs loquēbantur — vērum ex eō quicquid erat ēmersit tōtumque sē ēiēcit atque extulit, tantumque abest ab illīus familiāritātis īnfāmiā ut eiusdem nunc ab sēsē inimīcitiās odiumque prōpulset.From this way of life, or rather, I should say, from this talk — for it was by no means as much as people said — but from whatever it was, he emerged and extricated himself completely and raised himself up, and he is so far from the disgrace of intimacy with that woman that he is now warding off her enmity and hatred from himself. Cael. 31.76Atque ut iste interpositus sermō dēliciārum dēsidiaeque morerētur — fēcit mē invītō mē herculē et multum repugnante mē, sed tamen fēcit — nōmen amīcī meī dē ambitū dētulit;And so that this talk of pleasures and idleness that had come between might die away — he did it against my wishes, by heaven, and with me strongly opposing it, but still he did it — he prosecuted a friend of mine for electoral bribery; Cael. 31.76quem absolūtum īnsequitur, revocat;and when he has been acquitted, he pursues him and summons him again; Cael. 31.76nēminī nostrum obtemperat, est violentior quam vellem.he obeys none of us, he is more vehement than I would wish.

Cael. 31.76Sed ego nōn loquor dē sapientiā, quae nōn cadit in hanc aetātem;But I am not speaking of wisdom, which does not belong to this age; Cael. 31.76dē impetū animī loquor, dē cupiditāte vincendī, dē ardōre mentis ad glōriam;I speak of his impetuous spirit, his desire to win, his ardour of mind for glory; Cael. 31.76quae studia in hīs iam aetātibus nostrīs contractiōra esse dēbent, in adulēscentiā vērō tamquam in herbīs significant quae virtūtis mātūritās et quantae frūgēs industriae sint futūrae.these impulses should be more restrained at our time of life, but in youth, as in the green blade, they show what ripeness of virtue and how great a harvest of industry there will be. Cael. 31.76Etenim semper magnō ingeniō adulēscentēs refrēnandī potius ā glōriā quam incitandī fuērunt;For young men of great talent have always needed to be reined in from glory rather than spurred on; Cael. 31.76amputanda plūra sunt illī aetātī, sī quidem efflōrēscit ingenī laudibus, quam īnserenda.there is more to be pruned than to be grafted on at that age, if it is blossoming with the merits of talent. Cael. 31.77Quā rē, sī cui nimium effervisse vidētur huius vel in suscipiendīs vel in gerendīs inimīcitiīs vīs, ferōcitās, pertinācia, sī quem etiam minimōrum hōrum aliquid offendit, sī purpurae genus, sī amīcōrum catervae, sī splendor, sī nītor, iam ista dēferverint, iam aetās omnia, iam rēs, iam diēs mītigārit.Therefore, if anyone thinks that this man's vehemence, fierceness and stubbornness have boiled over too much, whether in taking up or in pursuing enmities, if even the least of these things offends anyone, the kind of purple he wears, his throngs of friends, his brilliance, his elegance, these things will soon have cooled down, soon age, circumstance and time will have softened everything.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×7

Latin vocabulary for this passage (196 words)
volō, velle, voluīwish
aliō (adv.)to another place, elsewhere
potius (adv.)rather
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
glōria, -ae, f.glory
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
sed, conj.but
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
querēla, -ae f.complaint, lament
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
memoria, -ae, f.memory
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
umquam, adv.ever
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
plūs (adv.)more
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
que, enclitic conj.and
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
nisi, conj.if not, unless
vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstay awake, keep watch; be watchful
homō, hominis, m.man
sōbrius, -a, -umsober
industrius, -a, -umactive, diligent, hard-working
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
omnis, -eall, every
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
flexus, -ūs m.bend, winding, curve; turning point
quasi, conj.as if
aetās, -tātis, f.age
enim, conj.for
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
vester, -tra, -trumyour
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
paululum (adv.)a little, slightly
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mēta, -ae f.turning-post; goal, end point
nōtitia, -ae f.knowledge, acquaintance
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
vīcīnitās, -ātis f.neighborhood; the people living nearby
īnsolentia, -ae f.arrogance, insolence
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut up in, inclose, imprison
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
cōnstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusbind tight; restrain, hold in check
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
numquam, adv.never
profundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out; squander
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
vīta, -ae, f.life
velor; vel … vel: either … or
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
ēmergō, -mergere, -mersī, -mersusrise out, come up; get clear (of trouble)
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
familiāritās, -ātis f.close friendship
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
nunc, adv.now
inimīcitia, -ae f.enmity (usu. pl.)
odium, -ī, n.hatred
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
dēsidia, -ae f.idleness, sloth
morior, morī, mortuusdie
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
multum, -ī, n.much
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
nōsplur. of ego
obtemperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusobey, comply with (+ dat.)
violentus, -a, -umviolent, forceful
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
iam, adv.now, already
noster, -tra, -trumour
contractus, -a, -umdrawn in, narrow, restricted; curtailed, short
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
mātūritās, -ātis f.ripeness, full development
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
semper, adv.always
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
refrēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrein in, restrain, curb
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, provoke
amputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscut off, lop off
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
sī, conj.if
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
efflōrēscō, -ere, -flōruīblossom, flourish, burst into flower
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
īnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertumput in, insert
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
nimium (adv.)too, too much
effervēscō, -fervēscere, -ferbuīboil up or over, boil
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ferōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, boldness, high spirit
pertinācia, -ae f.stubbornness
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
purpura, -ae f.purple dye; purple cloth
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
caterva, -ae f.crowd, band, troop
splendor, -ōris m.brightness, light
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
dēfervēscō, -ere, -fervīcease boiling, cool down, calm down
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
mītigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussoften, calm, soothe
Cicero, Pro Caelio. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.