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In Catilinam 2.7

Better exile than war

Cicero, In Catilinam II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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2.14Ō condiciōnem miseram nōn modo administrandae vērum etiam cōnservandae reī pūblicae!

What a wretched position, not only of governing the state but even of saving it!

2.14Nunc sī L. Catilīna cōnsiliīs, labōribus, perīculīs meīs circumclūsus ac dēbilitātus subitō pertimuerit, sententiam mūtāverit, dēseruerit suōs, cōnsilium bellī faciendī abiēcerit, et ex hōc cursū sceleris ac bellī iter ad fugam atque in exsilium converterit, nōn ille ā mē spoliātus armīs audāciae, nōn obstupefactus ac perterritus meā dīligentiā, nōn dē spē cōnātūque dēpulsus, sed indemnātus innocēns in exsilium ēiectus ā cōnsule vī et minīs esse dīcētur: et erunt quī illum, sī hoc fēcerit, nōn improbum sed miserum, mē nōn dīligentissimum cōnsulem sed crūdēlissimum tyrannum exīstimārī velint!

Now if Lucius Catiline, hemmed in and weakened by my plans, my efforts and my risks, should suddenly take fright, change his mind, desert his followers, abandon his plan of making war, and turn from this course of crime and war to flight and exile, it will be said that he was not stripped by me of the weapons of his recklessness, not stunned and terrified by my vigilance, not driven from his hopes and attempts, but that, uncondemned and innocent, he was driven into exile by the consul with violence and threats; and there will be those who will want him to be thought, if he does this, not wicked but pitiable, and me not a most conscientious consul but a most cruel tyrant!

Note. A long future condition: sī ... pertimuerit, mūtāverit ... (future perfects), then the main verb dīcētur. The nōn ... nōn ... nōn ... sed series gives what people will not say and what they will say instead.

2.15Est mihi tantī, Quirītēs, huius invidiae falsae atque inīquae tempestātem subīre, dum modo ā vōbīs huius horribilis bellī ac nefāriī perīculum dēpellātur.

It is worth it to me, citizens, to endure the storm of this false and unjust unpopularity, provided that the danger of this horrible and wicked war is warded off from you.

Note. Est mihi tantī: 'it is worth so much to me', genitive of value. dum modo: 'provided that', with the subjunctive.

2.15Dīcātur sānē ēiectus esse ā mē, dum modo eat in exsilium.

Let it be said by all means that he was driven out by me, provided he goes into exile.

2.15Sed mihi crēdite, nōn est itūrus.

But believe me, he is not going to go.

2.15Numquam ego ab dīs immortālibus optābō, Quirītēs, invidiae meae relevandae causā ut L. Catilīnam dūcere exercitum hostium atque in armīs volitāre audiātis, sed trīduō tamen audiētis;

I shall never pray to the immortal gods, citizens, for the sake of relieving my unpopularity, that you hear that Lucius Catiline is leading an army of enemies and swaggering about in arms; but in three days you will hear it all the same;

Note. invidiae meae relevandae causā: causā with a gerundive phrase, 'for the sake of relieving my unpopularity'. trīduō: 'within three days'. Catiline did in fact join Manlius soon after.

2.15multōque magis illud timeō nē mihi sit invidiōsum aliquandō quod illum ēmīserim potius quam quod ēiēcerim.

and I am much more afraid that it will some day be held against me that I let him go rather than that I drove him out.

Note. timeō nē ... sit: 'I fear that it may be'. After verbs of fearing, nē means 'that' and ut means 'that ... not'.

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2.15Sed cum sint hominēs quī illum, cum profectus sit, ēiectum esse dīcant, īdem, sī interfectus esset, quid dīcerent?

But when there are people who say that he was driven out when in fact he left, what would these same people say if he had been killed?

2.16Quamquam istī quī Catilīnam Massiliam īre dictitant nōn tam hoc queruntur quam verentur.

And yet those men who keep saying that Catiline is going to Massilia are not so much complaining of this as afraid of it.

2.16Nēmō est istōrum tam misericors quī illum nōn ad Mānlium quam ad Massiliēnsīs īre mālit.

None of them is so tender-hearted that he would not rather have him go to Manlius than to the Massiliots.

Note. Massiliēnsīs: the people of Massilia, an old Greek ally of Rome and a usual place of exile. The joke is that Catiline's sympathizers would rather he joined the rebels than went quietly into exile.

2.16Ille autem, sī mē hercule hoc quod agit numquam anteā cōgitāsset, tamen latrōcinantem sē interficī māllet quam exsulem vīvere.

But he, by Hercules, even if he had never before thought of what he is doing, would still rather be killed as a bandit than live as an exile.

Note. latrōcinantem ... interficī: 'to be killed as a bandit'. Catiline would rather die fighting than live in exile.

2.16Nunc vērō, cum eī nihil adhūc praeter ipsīus voluntātem cōgitātiōnemque acciderit, nisi quod vīvīs nōbīs Rōmā profectus est, optēmus potius ut eat in exsilium quam querāmur.

As it is, since nothing has yet happened to him contrary to his own wish and intention, except that he left Rome while we were still alive, let us rather pray that he goes into exile than complain of it.

Vocabulary

ō (interj.)O! oh!
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cōnservō, -servāre, -servāvī, -servātuspreserve, keep
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
nunc, adv.now
sī, conj.if
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
circumclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsussurround, encircle
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
bellum, -ī, n.war
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fuga, -ae, f.flight
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
obstupefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusastound, stun
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
que, enclitic conj.and
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
sed, conj.but
indemnātus, -a, -umuncondemned
innocēns, -entisharmless; innocent
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
improbus, -a, -umwicked. in, prep, with acc., into, in, to, upon; with abl., in, on
dīligēns, -entiscareful, attentive, conscientious
crūdēlis, -ecruel
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
volō, velle, voluīwish
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
vōsplur. of tū
horribilis, -edreadful, terrible, horrible
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
numquam, adv.never
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
relevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift up; lighten, relieve
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
volitō, -āre, -āvīfly about; flit, swagger about
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
trīduum, -ī n.three days
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
invidiōsus, -a, -umarousing ill-will, odious
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
homō, hominis, m.man
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quamquam, conj.however much, although
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
dictitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuskeep saying, say again and again
tam, adv.so
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
misericors, -cordistender-hearted, compassionate
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
mehercule, mehercle (interj.)by Hercules!, so help me, truly
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
anteā, adv.before
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
latrōcinor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe a bandit, live by robbery
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
nisi, conj.if not, unless
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
nōsplur. of ego
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Cicero, In Catilinam II. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.