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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 6

The definition and blessings of friendship

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Amic. 6.1Est enim amīcitia nihil aliud nisi omnium dīvīnārum hūmānārumque rērum cum benevolentiā et cāritāte cōnsēnsiō, quā quidem haud sciō an exceptā sapientiā nīl quicquam melius hominī sit ā dīs immortālibus datum.For friendship is nothing else than agreement on all things divine and human, together with goodwill and affection, and I am inclined to think that, wisdom excepted, nothing better than this has been given to man by the immortal gods. Amic. 6.1Dīvitiās aliī praepōnunt, bonam aliī valētūdinem, aliī potentiam, aliī honōrēs, multī etiam voluptātēs.Some prefer riches, some good health, some power, some offices, many even pleasures. Amic. 6.1Bēluārum hoc quidem extrēmum, illa autem superiōra cadūca et incerta, posita nōn tam in cōnsiliīs nostrīs quam in fortūnae temeritāte.This last belongs to beasts, while the former are fleeting and uncertain, depending not so much on our own plans as on the caprice of fortune. Amic. 6.1Quī autem in virtūte summum bonum pōnunt, praeclārē illī quidem, sed haec ipsa virtūs amīcitiam et gignit et continet, nec sine virtūte amīcitia esse ūllō pactō potest.Those who place the highest good in virtue do so splendidly indeed, but it is this very virtue that both begets and preserves friendship, and without virtue friendship cannot exist in any way.

Amic. 6.21Iam virtūtem ex cōnsuētūdine vītae nostrae sermōnisque nostrī interpretēmur nec eam, ut quīdam doctī, verbōrum magnificentiā mētiāmur, virōsque bonōs eōs quī habentur numerēmus—Paulōs Catōnēs Gallōs Scīpiōnēs Philōs—hīs commūnis vīta contenta est;Now let us interpret virtue by the usage of our own life and speech, and not measure it, as certain learned men do, by grandeur of words, and let us count as good men those who are held to be so, the Pauli, Catos, Galli, Scipios and Phili; with these everyday life is content; Amic. 6.21eōs autem omittāmus, quī omnīnō nūsquam reperiuntur.and let us leave aside those who are nowhere to be found at all. Amic. 6.22Tālis igitur inter virōs amīcitia tantās opportūnitātēs habet, quantās vix queō dīcere.Among such men, then, friendship has advantages so great that I can scarcely tell them. Amic. 6.22Prīncipiō quī potest esse vīta vītālis, ut ait Ennius, quae nōn in amīcī mūtuā benevolentiā conquiēscit?In the first place, how can life be 'worth living', as Ennius says, if it does not find rest in the mutual goodwill of a friend? Amic. 6.22Quid dulcius quam habēre quīcum omnia audeās sīc loquī ut tēcum?What is sweeter than to have someone with whom you may dare to speak of everything as with yourself?

Amic. 6.22Quī esset tantus frūctus in prosperīs rēbus, nisi habērēs quī illīs aequē ac tū ipse gaudēret?How could there be such enjoyment in prosperity, unless you had someone to rejoice in it as much as you yourself? Amic. 6.22Adversās vērō ferre difficile esset sine eō, quī illās gravius etiam quam tū ferret.And adversity would be hard to bear without someone who would bear it even more heavily than you. Amic. 6.22Dēnique cēterae rēs, quae expetuntur, opportūnae sunt singulae rēbus ferē singulīs—dīvitiae, ut ūtāre;Finally, the other things that are sought after are each suited, broadly, to a single purpose: riches, that you may use them; Amic. 6.22opēs, ut colāre;influence, that you may be courted; Amic. 6.22honōrēs, ut laudēre;offices, that you may be praised; Amic. 6.22voluptātēs, ut gaudeās;pleasures, that you may enjoy them; Amic. 6.22valētūdō, ut dolōre careās et mūneribus fungāre corporis;health, that you may be free from pain and perform the functions of the body; Amic. 6.22amīcitia rēs plūrimās continet: quōquō tē verteris praestō est, nūllō locō exclūditur, numquam intempestīva, numquam molesta est.friendship embraces a great many things: wherever you turn, it is at hand, it is shut out from no place, it is never untimely, never irksome.

Amic. 6.22Itaque nōn aquā, nōn ignī, ut aiunt, plūribus locīs ūtimur quam amīcitiā.And so we do not use water or fire, as they say, in more places than friendship. Amic. 6.22Neque ego nunc dē volgārī aut dē mediocrī, quae tamen ipsa et dēlectat et prōdest, sed dē vērā et perfectā loquor, quālis eōrum, quī paucī nōminantur, fuit.Nor am I speaking now of the common or ordinary kind, which nonetheless itself both delights and benefits, but of the true and perfect kind, such as was that of the few who are named. Amic. 6.22Nam et secundās rēs splendidiōrēs facit amīcitia, et adversās, partiēns commūnicānsque, leviōrēs.For friendship both makes prosperity more splendid and, by dividing and sharing it, makes adversity lighter.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (171 words)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nisi, conj.if not, unless
omnis, -eall, every
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
que, enclitic conj.and
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cum, prep, with abl.with
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
cōnsēnsiō, -ōnis f.agreement, unanimity; common purpose
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
an, conj.or (in questions)
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
bonus, -a, -umgood
homō, hominis, m.man
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
dīvitiae, -ārum f. pl.riches, wealth
praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput in command of
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
honor, -ōris, m.honor
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
bēlua, -ae, f.beast, monster
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
cadūcus, -a, -umfalling, fallen; doomed
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
nōn, adv.not
tam, adv.so
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
noster, -tra, -trumour
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
praeclārē, adv.splendidly, brilliantly, very well
sed, conj.but
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
sine, prep. with abl.without
ūllus, -a, -umany
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
iam, adv.now, already
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
vīta, -ae, f.life
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sumexplain, interpret
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
verbum, -ī, n.word
magnificentia, -ae, f.splendor, magnificence
mētior, -īrī, mēnsus summeasure out, distribute
vir, virī, m.man
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
gallus, -ī m.cock, rooster
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
tālis, -esuch
igitur, conj.therefore
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
opportūnitās, -ātis f.advantage, favourable feature
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
queō, -īre, -īvī (-iī)be able, can
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
vītālis, -eof life, life-giving
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
mūtuus, -a, -umborrowed, lent; mutual (pecūnia mūtua: a loan)
conquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētusrest, take rest
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
dulcis, -esweet
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
sīc, adv.so, thus
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
corpus, corporis, n.body
quōquō, adv.to whatever place (quōquō versus: in every direction)
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
numquam, adv.never
intempestīvus, -a, -umuntimely, ill-timed, inopportune
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
aqua, -ae, f.water
ignis, -is, m.fire
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
nunc, adv.now
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vulgāris, -ecommon, ordinary, usual
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
perfectus, -a, -umcomplete, perfect; blameless
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
nam, conj.for
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
partiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusdivide, share
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
levis, -elight, slight
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.