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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 3

Laelius on Scipio's happy life

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Amic. 3.1Ego sī Scīpiōnis dēsīderiō mē movērī negem, quam id rēctē faciam vīderint sapientēs, sed certē mentiar.If I were to deny that I am moved by longing for Scipio, how rightly I should do so let the wise decide, but certainly I should be lying. Amic. 3.1Moveor enim tālī amīcō orbātus, quālis, ut arbitror, nēmō umquam erit, ut cōnfirmāre possum, nēmō certē fuit.For I am moved at being bereft of such a friend as, I believe, there will never be again, and as, I can assert, there certainly never was before. Amic. 3.1Sed nōn egeō medicīnā: mē ipse cōnsōlor et maximē illō sōlāciō, quod eō errōre careō, quō amīcōrum dēcessū plērīque angī solent.But I have no need of medicine: I console myself, and above all with this consolation, that I am free from that error by which most people are tormented at the passing of their friends. Amic. 3.1Nihil malī accidisse Scīpiōnī putō;I think nothing bad has happened to Scipio; Amic. 3.1mihi accidit, sī quid accidit;it has happened to me, if anything has happened; Amic. 3.1suīs autem incommodīs graviter angī nōn amīcum, sed sē ipsum amantis est.and to be grievously tormented by one's own misfortunes is the mark of a man who loves not his friend but himself.

Amic. 3.11Cum illō vērō quis neget āctum esse praeclārē?As for him, who would deny that he has fared splendidly? Amic. 3.11Nisi enim, quod ille minimē putābat, immortālitātem optāre vellet, quid nōn adeptus est, quod hominī fās esset optāre, quī summam spem cīvium, quam dē eō iam puerō habuerant, continuō adulēscēns incrēdibilī virtūte superāvit;For unless he had wished to pray for immortality, which he never had in mind at all, what did he not attain that it was right for a man to pray for, he who as a young man at once surpassed by incredible merit the highest hopes his fellow citizens had held of him even as a boy; Amic. 3.11quī cōnsulātum petīvit numquam, factus cōnsul est bis, prīmum ante tempus, iterum sibi suō tempore, reī pūblicae paene sērō;who never stood for the consulship, yet was made consul twice, the first time before the legal age, the second at the proper time for himself, but almost too late for the state; Amic. 3.11quī duābus urbibus ēversīs inimīcissimīs huic imperiō nōn modo praesentia, vērum etiam futūra bella dēlēvit?who, by overthrowing two cities most hostile to this empire, wiped out not only present wars but future ones too?

Amic. 3.11Quid dīcam dē mōribus facillimīs, dē pietāte in mātrem, līberālitāte in sorōrēs, bonitāte in suōs, iūstitiā in omnīs?What shall I say of his most gracious manners, of his devotion to his mother, his generosity to his sisters, his kindness to his own people, his justice towards all? Amic. 3.11Nota sunt vōbīs.You know them. Amic. 3.11Quam autem cīvitātī cārus fuerit, maerōre fūneris indicātum est.And how dear he was to the state was shown by the grief at his funeral. Amic. 3.11Quid igitur hunc paucōrum annōrum accessiō iuvāre potuisset?What, then, could the addition of a few years have profited him? Amic. 3.11Senectūs enim quamvīs nōn sit gravis, ut meminī Catōnem annō ante quam est mortuus, mēcum et cum Scīpiōne disserere, tamen aufert eam viriditātem, in quā etiam nunc erat Scīpiō.For old age, even though it is not burdensome, as I remember Cato arguing with me and with Scipio the year before he died, nevertheless takes away that freshness in which Scipio still was even now. Amic. 3.12Quam ob rem vīta quidem tālis fuit vel fortūna vel glōriā, ut nihil posset accēdere;Therefore his life was such, either in fortune or in glory, that nothing could be added to it; Amic. 3.12moriendī autem sēnsum celeritās abstulit.and the swiftness of his death took away the sense of dying.

Amic. 3.12Quō dē genere mortis difficile dictū est;About the manner of his death it is hard to speak; Amic. 3.12quid hominēs suspicentur vidētis: hoc vērē tamen licet dīcere, P. Scīpiōnī ex multīs diēbus, quōs in vītā celeberrimōs laetissimōsque vīderit, illum diem clārissimum fuisse, cum senātū dīmissō domum reductus ad vesperum est ā patribus cōnscrīptīs, populō Rōmānō, sociīs et Latīnīs, prīdiē quam excessit ē vītā, ut ex tam altō dignitātis gradū ad superōs videātur deōs potius quam ad īnferōs pervēnisse.you see what people suspect: yet this may truly be said, that for Publius Scipio, out of the many days he had seen in his life most thronged and most joyful, the most glorious was that day when, on the dismissal of the senate, he was escorted home towards evening by the conscript fathers, the Roman people, the allies and the Latins, on the day before he departed from life, so that from so lofty a height of honour he seems to have reached the gods above rather than those below.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (183 words)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sī, conj.if
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
sed, conj.but
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
mentior, -īrī, -ītus sumlie, tell a lie
enim, conj.for
tālis, -esuch
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
orbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbereave, deprive (of)
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
umquam, adv.ever
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
nōn, adv.not
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
medicīna, -ae, f.art of healing, medicine
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cōnsōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
quod, conj.that, in that, because
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dēcessus, -ūs m.going out (of the tide), ebb
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
cum, prep, with abl.with
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
praeclārē, adv.splendidly, brilliantly, very well
nisi, conj.if not, unless
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
immortālitās, -ātis f.immortality
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
volō, velle, voluīwish
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
homō, hominis, m.man
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
spēs, speī, f.hope
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
iam, adv.now, already
puer, puerī, m.boy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
continuō (adv.)at once, immediately
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
incrēdibilis, eincredible
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
numquam, adv.never
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
bis (adv.)twice
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
iterum, adv.again, a second time
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
paene, adv.almost, nearly
sērō (adv.)late, in the evening; too late
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
urbs, urbis, f.city
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
modo, adv.only
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
bellum, -ī, n.war
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētumdestroy, wipe out
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
māter, mātris, f.mother
līberālitās, -ātis f.generosity
soror, -ōris, f.sister
bonitās, -ātis f.goodness, fertility (of land)
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
omnis, -eall, every
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
vōsplur. of tū
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
maeror, -ōris m.grief, sorrow
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
indicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, reveal, give information; inform against
igitur, conj.therefore
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
annus, -ī, m.year
accessiō, -ōnis f.addition, increase; advance, progress
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
meminī, meminisseremember
morior, morī, mortuusdie
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
viriditās, -ātis f.greenness; freshness, vigour
nunc, adv.now
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
vīta, -ae, f.life
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
velor; vel … vel: either … or
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
glōria, -ae, f.glory
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
mors, mortīs, f.death
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
suspicor, -spicārī, -spicātussuspect
vērē (adv.)truly, really
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
celeber, celebris, celebrefrequented; renowned, celebrated
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
que, enclitic conj.and
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
senātus, -ūs m.senate
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vesper, vesperī, m.evening
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
pater, patris, m.father
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
tam, adv.so
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
deus, -ī, m.god
potius (adv.)rather
īnferī, -ōrum, m. plur.inhabitants of the underworld, the dead, the shades
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.