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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 15

Tyrants and the rich have no friends

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Amic. 15.1Nōn ergō erunt hominēs dēliciīs diffluentēs audiendī, sī quandō dē amīcitiā, quam nec ūsū nec ratiōne habent cognitam, disputābunt.We shall not, then, listen to men dissolved in luxury if ever they discourse on friendship, which they have come to know neither by experience nor by reason. Amic. 15.1Nam quis est, prō deōrum fidem atque hominum!For who is there (in the name of gods and men!) Amic. 15.1quī velit, ut neque dīligat quemquam nec ipse ab ūllō dīligātur, circumfluere omnibus cōpiīs atque in omnium rērum abundantiā vīvere?who would wish to be surrounded by every kind of wealth and to live in an abundance of all things, on condition that he neither loves anyone nor is himself loved by anyone? Amic. 15.1Haec enim est tyrannōrum vīta, nīmīrum in quā nūlla fidēs, nūlla cāritās, nūlla stabilis benevolentiae potest esse fīdūcia, omnia semper suspecta atque sollicita, nūllus locus amīcitiae.For this is the life of tyrants, in which, of course, there can be no trust, no affection, no confidence in lasting goodwill; everything is always suspect and anxious, and there is no room for friendship. Amic. 15.53Quis enim aut eum dīligat, quem metuat, aut eum, ā quō sē metuī putet?For who could love either the man he fears, or the man by whom he thinks himself feared?

Amic. 15.53Coluntur tamen simulātiōne dumtaxat ad tempus.Yet they are courted, in pretence at least, for a time. Amic. 15.53Quod sī forte, ut fit plērumque, ceciderint, tum intellegitur quam fuerint inopēs amīcōrum.But if by chance, as usually happens, they have fallen, then it is understood how poor they were in friends. Amic. 15.53Quod Tarquinium dīxisse ferunt exulantem, tum sē intellēxisse, quōs fīdōs amīcōs habuisset, quōs īnfīdōs, cum iam neutrīs grātiam referre posset.Which is what Tarquin is said to have remarked in exile: that he had understood which friends he had had who were faithful and which unfaithful only when he could no longer repay either. Amic. 15.54Quamquam mīror, illā superbiā et importūnitāte, sī quemquam amīcum habēre potuit.And yet I wonder that, with such arrogance and insolence, he could have had any friend at all. Amic. 15.54Atque ut huius, quem dīxī, mōrēs vērōs amīcōs parāre nōn potuērunt, sīc multōrum opēs praepotentium exclūdunt amīcitiās fidēlīs.And just as the character of the man I have mentioned could not win him true friends, so the wealth of many very powerful men shuts out faithful friendships.

Amic. 15.54Nōn enim sōlum ipsa fortūna caeca est, sed eōs etiam plērumque efficit caecōs, quōs complexa est;For not only is Fortune herself blind, but she also generally makes blind those whom she has embraced; Amic. 15.54itaque efferuntur ferē fastīdiō et contumāciā, nec quicquam īnsipiente fortūnātō intolerābilius fierī potest.and so they are usually carried away by disdain and obstinacy, and nothing can be more intolerable than a fortunate fool. Amic. 15.54Atque hoc quidem vidēre licet, eōs, quī anteā commodīs fuerint mōribus, imperiō potestāte prosperīs rēbus immūtārī, spernī ab eīs veterēs amīcitiās, indulgērī novīs.And indeed one may see this: that men who before had agreeable manners are changed by command, power and prosperity, and that old friendships are spurned by them and new ones indulged. Amic. 15.55Quid autem stultius quam, cum plūrimum cōpiīs facultātibus opibus possint, cētera parāre, quae parantur pecūniā, equōs famulōs vestem ēgregiam vāsa pretiōsa, amīcōs nōn parāre, optimam et pulcherrimam vītae, ut ita dīcam, supellectilem?And what is more foolish than, when men have the greatest power through their resources, means and wealth, to procure the other things that money procures, horses, servants, splendid clothing, costly vessels, and not to procure friends, the best and fairest furniture of life, so to speak?

Amic. 15.55Etenim cētera cum parant, cui parent nesciunt nec cuius causā labōrent;For when they procure those other things, they do not know for whom they are procuring them, nor for whose sake they are labouring; Amic. 15.55eius enim est istōrum quidque quī vīcit vīribus;for each of those things belongs to whoever has prevailed by force; Amic. 15.55amīcitiārum sua cuique permanet stabilis et certa possessiō, ut etiam sī illa maneant, quae sunt quasi dōna fortūnae, tamen vīta inculta et dēserta ab amīcīs nōn possit esse iūcunda.but each man's possession of his friendships remains stable and sure, so that even if those things remain that are, as it were, the gifts of fortune, still a life untended and deserted by friends cannot be pleasant. Amic. 15.55Sed haec hāctenus.But enough of this.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (162 words)
nōn, adv.not
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
homō, hominis, m.man
dēliciae, -ārum f. pl.delights, luxuries, pleasures
diffluō, -ere, -flūxīflow apart, divide into branches
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
nam, conj.for
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
deus, -ī, m.god
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
volō, velle, voluīwish
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ūllus, -a, -umany
circumfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow round; abound, overflow (with)
omnis, -eall, every
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
abundantia, -ae f.plenty, wealth
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
enim, conj.for
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
vīta, -ae, f.life
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
stabilis, -efirm, steady, lasting
benevolentia, -ae f.goodwill, kindness
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
semper, adv.always
suspectus, -a, -umsuspected, mistrusted
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
simulātiō, -ōnis f.pretence
dumtaxat (adv.)only, merely; at least
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quod, conj.that, in that, because
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
tum, adv.then, at that time
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
inops, -opispoor, needy
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
exulō (exsulō), -āre, -āvīlive in exile, be banished
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
īnfīdus, -a, -umunfaithful, treacherous
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iam, adv.now, already
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
quamquam, conj.however much, although
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
importūnitās, -ātis f.insolence, ruthlessness, unruliness
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
sīc, adv.so, thus
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
praepotēns, -entisvery powerful
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
caecus, -a, -umblind
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
fastīdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfeel disgust at, be sick of, scorn
contumācia, -ae f.defiance, stubbornness, insolence
īnsipiēns, -entisfoolish, unwise; (as noun) a fool
fortūnātus, -a, -umlucky, fortunate, prosperous
intolerābilis, -eunbearable
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
anteā, adv.before
commodus, -a, -umconvenient, suitable
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
immūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange, alter
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
vetus, veterisold, former
indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī (+ dat.)be kind to, favour
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
stultus, -a, -umfoolish, stupid
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
equus, -ī, m.horse
famulus, -ī m.servant, slave
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
vās, vāsis, n., plur. vāsa, -ōrumvessel
pretiōsus, -a, -umcostly, precious
bonus, -a, -umgood
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
supellex, -lectilis f.household furniture, equipment, utensils
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
permaneō, -manēre, -mānsi, -mānsusremain
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
quasi, conj.as if
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
incultus, -a, -umuntilled, uncultivated; wild, rough
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
hāctenus (adv.)thus far, up to this point; so much (and no more)
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.