LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Cicero › On Friendship (De Amicitia) › De Amicitia 11

Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 11

How far love in friendship should go

English onlyRead it word by word

Amic. 11.1Quam ob rem id prīmum videāmus, sī placet, quātenus amor in amīcitiā prōgredī dēbeat.Let us therefore first consider, if you please, how far love ought to go in friendship. Amic. 11.1Numnē, sī Coriolānus habuit amīcōs, ferre contrā patriam arma illī cum Coriolānō dēbuērunt?If Coriolanus had friends, ought they to have borne arms against their country together with Coriolanus? Amic. 11.1Num Vecellīnum amīcī regnum appetentem, num Maelium dēbuērunt iuvāre?Ought his friends to have helped Vecellinus when he aimed at kingship, or Maelius? Amic. 11.37Tiberium quidem Gracchum rem pūblicam vexantem ā Q. Tuberōne aequālibusque amīcīs dērelictum vidēbāmus.Tiberius Gracchus, indeed, when he was harassing the state, we saw abandoned by Quintus Tubero and by the friends of his own age. Amic. 11.37At C. Blossius Cūmānus, hospes familiae vestrae, Scaevola, cum ad mē, quod aderam Laenātī et Rupiliō cōnsulibus in cōnsiliō, dēprecātum vēnisset, hanc ut sibi ignōscerem causam afferēbat, quod tantī Tib.But Gaius Blossius of Cumae, a guest-friend of your family, Scaevola, when he had come to me to plead for himself, since I was present as an adviser to the consuls Laenas and Rupilius, offered this reason why I should pardon him: that so highly had he esteemed Tiberius Amic. 11.37Gracchum fēcisset, ut quidquid ille vellet sibi faciendum putāret.Gracchus that he thought he must do whatever Gracchus wished.

Amic. 11.37Tum ego, "etiamnē," inquam, "sī tē in Capitōlium facēs ferre vellet?"Then I said, 'Even if he wanted you to carry torches to the Capitol?' Amic. 11.37"Numquam voluisset id quidem, sed, sī voluisset, pāruissem."'He would never have wanted that, of course; but if he had wanted it, I would have obeyed.' Amic. 11.37Vidētis, quam nefāria vōx.You see what a wicked utterance it is. Amic. 11.37Et herculē ita fēcit, vel plūs etiam quam dīxit;And, by Hercules, he did just that, or even more than he said; Amic. 11.37nōn enim pāruit ille Tib.for he did not obey Tiberius Amic. 11.37Gracchī temeritātī, sed praefuit, nec sē comitem illīus furōris, sed ducem praebuit.Gracchus's recklessness, but took the lead in it, and showed himself not the companion of his madness but its leader. Amic. 11.37Itaque hāc āmentiā, quaestiōne novā perterritus, in Asiam profūgit, ad hostīs sē contulit, poenās reī pūblicae gravīs iūstāsque persolvit.And so, through this frenzy, terrified by the new court of inquiry, he fled to Asia, betook himself to the enemy, and paid the state a heavy and just penalty. Amic. 11.37Nūlla est igitur excūsātiō peccātī, sī amīcī causā peccāverīs;There is, then, no excuse for wrongdoing if you have done wrong for a friend's sake; Amic. 11.37nam, cum conciliātrīx amīcitiae virtūtis opīniō fuerit, difficile est amīcitiam manēre, sī ā virtūte dēfēcerīs.for since it was belief in a man's virtue that brought the friendship about, it is hard for the friendship to remain if you have deserted virtue.

Amic. 11.38Quod sī rēctum statuerimus vel concēdere amīcīs quidquid velint vel impetrāre ab eīs quidquid velīmus, perfectā quidem sapientiā sī sīmus, nihil habeat rēs vitī;But if we were to lay it down as right either to grant our friends whatever they wish or to obtain from them whatever we wish, then, if we were indeed of perfect wisdom, the thing would have no fault in it; Amic. 11.38sed loquimur dē eīs amīcīs quī ante oculōs sunt, quōs vidēmus aut dē quibus memoriam accēpimus, quōs nōvit vīta commūnis.but we are speaking of the friends who are before our eyes, whom we see or of whom we have received a record, the friends whom everyday life knows. Amic. 11.38Ex hōc numerō nōbīs exempla sūmenda sunt, et eōrum quidem maximē, quī ad sapientiam proximē accēdunt.From this number we must take our examples, and above all from those who come closest to wisdom. Amic. 11.39Vidēmus Papum Aemilium C. Luscinō familiārem fuisse (sīc ā patribus accēpimus) bis ūnā cōnsulēs, collēgās in cēnsūrā;We see that Papus Aemilius was an intimate friend of Gaius Luscinus (so we have heard from our fathers), and that they were twice consuls together and colleagues in the censorship; Amic. 11.39tum et cum eīs et inter sē coniūnctissimōs fuisse M'. Curium, Tib.and further, that very closely joined both with them and with each other were Manius Curius and Tiberius Amic. 11.39Coruncānium memoriae prōditum est.Coruncanius: so it has been handed down to memory.

Amic. 11.39Igitur nē suspicārī quidem possumus quemquam hōrum ab amīcō quidpiam contendisse, quod contrā fidem.Therefore we cannot even suspect that any of these men pressed a friend for anything that was against good faith, Amic. 11.39contrā iūs iūrandum, contrā rem pūblicam esset.against an oath, or against the state. Amic. 11.39Nam hoc quidem in tālibus virīs quid attinet dīcere, sī contendisset impetrātūrum nōn fuisse, cum illī sānctissimī virī fuerint, aequē autem nefās sit tāle aliquid et facere rogātum et rogāre?For in the case of such men, what is the point of saying that if one had pressed for it he would not have obtained it, since they were most upright men, and it is equally wicked to do such a thing when asked and to ask it? Amic. 11.39At vērō Tib.But Tiberius Amic. 11.39Gracchum sequēbantur C. Carbō, C. Catō, et minimē tum quidem Gāius frāter, nunc īdem ācerrimus.Gracchus was followed by Gaius Carbo and Gaius Cato, and, least of all at that time, by his brother Gaius, who is now the fiercest of them.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (171 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sī, conj.if
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
quātenus (adv.)how far, to what extent
amor, -ōris, m.love
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo forward, advance
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
cum, prep, with abl.with
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
que, enclitic conj.and
dērelinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusabandon, forsake completely
at, conj.but
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
familia, -ae f.household (incl. slaves and dependents)
vester, -tra, -trumyour
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quod, conj.that, in that, because
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
volō, velle, voluīwish
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
tum, adv.then, at that time
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
fax, facis, f.torch, firebrand
numquam, adv.never
sed, conj.but
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
nefārius, -a, -umwicked, criminal
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
velor; vel … vel: either … or
plūs (adv.)more
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
āmentia, -ae, f.madness
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
profugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee, escape
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
iūstus, -a, -umjust
persolvō, -solvere, -solvī, -solūtuspay completely, pay
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
igitur, conj.therefore
excūsātiō, -ōnis f.excuse, plea
peccātum, -ī n.fault, sin
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
nam, conj.for
conciliātrīx, -īcis f.she who brings together, promoter, matchmaker
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
perfectus, -a, -umcomplete, perfect; blameless
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
memoria, -ae, f.memory
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
vīta, -ae, f.life
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
numerus, -ī, m.number
nōsplur. of ego
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
sīc, adv.so, thus
pater, patris, m.father
bis (adv.)twice
ūnātogether, along
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
cēnsūra, -ae f.the office of censor; judgment, assessment
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
coniūnctus, -a, -umjoined, connected; closely attached, intimate (coniūnctissimus: very close)
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
suspicor, -spicārī, -spicātussuspect
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiamsomeone, something; any
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
tālis, -esuch
vir, virī, m.man
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
frāter, frātris, m.brother
nunc, adv.now
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.