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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 1

Cicero introduces the dialogue

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Amic. 1.1Q. Mūcius augur multa narrāre dē C. Laeliō socerō suō memoriter et iūcundē solēbat nec dubitāre illum in omnī sermōne appellāre sapientem.Quintus Mucius the augur used to tell many stories about Gaius Laelius, his father-in-law, recalling them accurately and with charm, and he did not hesitate in any conversation to call him 'the Wise'. Amic. 1.1Ego autem ā patre ita eram dēductus ad Scaevolam sūmptā virīlī togā, ut, quoad possem et licēret, ā senis latere numquam discēderem.I, for my part, had been brought by my father to Scaevola when I assumed the toga of manhood, on the understanding that, as far as I could and was permitted, I should never leave the old man's side. Amic. 1.1Itaque multa ab eō prūdenter disputāta, multa etiam breviter et commodē dicta memoriae mandābam, fierīque studēbam eius prūdentiā doctior.And so I committed to memory many things he discussed wisely, and many too that he said briefly and aptly, and I was eager to become more learned through his wisdom. Amic. 1.1Quō mortuō mē ad pontificem Scaevolam contulī, quem ūnum nostrae cīvitātis et ingeniō et iūstitiā praestantissimum audeō dīcere.When he died, I betook myself to Scaevola the pontiff, whom I venture to call the one man of our state most outstanding both in talent and in justice.

Amic. 1.1Sed dē hōc aliās, nunc redeō ad augurem.But of him another time; now I return to the augur. Amic. 1.2Cum saepe multa, tum meminī domī in hēmicycliō sedentem, ut solēbat, cum et ego essem ūnā et paucī admodum familiārēs, in eum sermōnem illum incidere, quī tum ferē multīs erat in ōre.Among many other occasions, I remember in particular that he was sitting at home in his semicircular alcove, as was his habit, when I was with him and only a very few close friends, and that he fell upon a topic of conversation which was then on almost everyone's lips. Amic. 1.2Meministī enim profectō, Attice, et eō magis, quod P. Sulpiciō ūtēbāre multum, cum is tribūnus plēbis capitālī odiō ā Q. Pompeiō, quī tum erat cōnsul, dissidēret, quōcum coniūnctissimē et amantissimē vīxerat, quanta esset hominum vel admīrātiō vel querella.For you certainly remember, Atticus, and all the more because you were very intimate with Publius Sulpicius, how great was people's astonishment or complaint when he, as tribune of the plebs, was at deadly enmity with Quintus Pompeius, who was then consul, and with whom he had lived on the closest and most affectionate terms.

Amic. 1.3Itaque tum Scaevola, cum in eam ipsam mentiōnem incidisset, exposuit nōbīs sermōnem Laelī dē amīcitiā habitum ab illō sēcum et cum alterō generō C. Fanniō, Mārcī fīliō, paucīs diēbus post mortem Āfricānī.So then Scaevola, having happened upon that very mention, set out for us a conversation on friendship which Laelius had held with him and with his other son-in-law, Gaius Fannius, son of Marcus, a few days after the death of Africanus. Amic. 1.3Eius disputātiōnis sententiās memoriae mandāvī, quās hōc librō exposuī arbitrātū meō;The substance of that discussion I committed to memory, and I have set it out in this book in my own way; Amic. 1.3quasi enim ipsōs indūxī loquentīs, nē "inquam" et "inquit" saepius interpōnerētur atque ut tamquam ā praesentibus cōram habērī sermō vidērētur.for I have brought the speakers themselves on stage, as it were, so that 'I said' and 'he said' should not be inserted too often, and so that the conversation might seem to be held face to face, as though by people present. Amic. 1.4Cum enim saepe mēcum agerēs, ut dē amīcitiā scrīberem aliquid, digna mihi rēs cum omnium cognitiōne tum nostrā familiāritāte vīsa est;For since you often pressed me to write something on friendship, the subject seemed to me worthy both of everyone's attention and of our close friendship; Amic. 1.4itaque fēcī nōn invītus ut prōdessem multīs rogātū tuō.and so it was not unwillingly that, at your request, I set about being of use to many.

Amic. 1.4Sed ut in Catōne maiōre, quī est scrīptus ad tē dē senectūte, Catōnem indūxī senem disputantem, quia nūlla vidēbātur aptior persōna quae dē illā aetāte loquerētur, quam eius, quī et diūtissimē senex fuisset et in ipsā senectūte praeter cēterōs flōruisset;But just as in the Cato Maior, which was written to you on old age, I brought in Cato as an old man discussing it, because no character seemed more fitting to speak of that time of life than his, a man who had been old for a very long time and who in old age itself had flourished beyond all others; Amic. 1.4sīc, cum accēpissēmus ā patribus maximē memorābilem C. Laelī et P. Scīpiōnis familiāritātem fuisse, idōnea mihi Laelī persōna vīsa est quae dē amīcitiā ea ipsa dissereret, quae disputāta ab eō meminisset Scaevola.so, since we had learned from our fathers that the friendship of Gaius Laelius and Publius Scipio was especially memorable, the character of Laelius seemed to me suitable to expound on friendship those very things which Scaevola remembered had been discussed by him. Amic. 1.4Genus autem hoc sermōnum positum in hominum veterum auctōritāte et eōrum illūstrium plūs nesciō quō pactō vidētur habēre gravitātis: itaque ipse mea legēns sīc afficior interdum, ut Catōnem, nōn mē, loquī exīstimem.Besides, this kind of dialogue, resting on the authority of men of old, and famous men at that, seems somehow to carry more weight: and so, reading my own work, I am sometimes so affected that I think it is Cato speaking, not I.

Amic. 1.5Sed ut tum ad senem senex dē senectūte, sīc hōc librō ad amīcum amīcissimus scrīpsī dē amīcitiā.But just as then I wrote as an old man to an old man on old age, so in this book I have written as the most devoted of friends to a friend on friendship. Amic. 1.5Tum est Catō locūtus, quō erat nēmō ferē senior temporibus illīs, nēmō prūdentior;Then it was Cato who spoke, than whom hardly anyone in those days was older, no one wiser; Amic. 1.5nunc Laelius et sapiēns, sīc enim est habitus, et amīcitiae glōriā excellēns dē amīcitiā loquētur.now Laelius, both wise (for so he was held to be) and pre-eminent in the glory of friendship, will speak on friendship. Amic. 1.5Tū velim ā mē animum parumper āvertās, Laelium loquī ipsum putēs.I would have you turn your mind away from me for a little and think that Laelius himself is speaking. Amic. 1.5C. Fannius et Q. Mūcius ad socerum veniunt post mortem Āfricānī;Gaius Fannius and Quintus Mucius come to their father-in-law after the death of Africanus; Amic. 1.5ab hīs sermō orītur, respondet Laelius, cuius tōta disputātiō est dē amīcitiā, quam legēns tē ipse cognōscēsthe conversation is begun by them, and Laelius replies; his whole discourse is on friendship, and as you read it you will recognise yourself in it.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×7, purpose clauses ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (196 words)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
augur, -uris m.augur, a priest who read the will of the gods from birds and signs
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
memoriter (adv.)from memory, with good recollection
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iūcundē (adv.)pleasantly, agreeably, delightfully
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
omnis, -eall, every
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
pater, patris, m.father
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
virīlis, -eof a man, male; n. pl. as noun: a man's private parts
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
senex, senis, m.old man
latus, lateris n.side, flank
numquam, adv.never
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prūdenter (adv.)wisely, sensibly, with foresight
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
commodē (adv.)conveniently, easily, well
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
memoria, -ae, f.memory
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
que, enclitic conj.and
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
morior, morī, mortuusdie
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
noster, -tra, -trumour
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
praestāns, -stantis, adj.preëminent, remarkable
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
sed, conj.but
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
nunc, adv.now
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
saepe, adv.often, frequently
tum, adv.then, at that time
meminī, meminisseremember
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
hēmicyclium, -ī n.semicircular seat or recess; semicircle
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
ūnātogether, along
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
admodum (adv.)very, quite
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
enim, conj.for
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
multum, -ī, n.much
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
capitālis, -edeadly; involving death
odium, -ī, n.hatred
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
dissideō, -ēre, -sēdībe at odds, disagree, be at variance
coniūnctē (adv.)jointly; intimately, on close terms
amanter (adv.)lovingly, affectionately
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
homō, hominis, m.man
velor; vel … vel: either … or
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
querella (querēla), -ae f.complaint, lament
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
nōsplur. of ego
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cum, prep, with abl.with
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
gener, -erī m.son-in-law
fīlius, -ī, m.son
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
mors, mortīs, f.death
disputātiō, -ōnis f.argument, debate
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
liber, librī m.book; record
arbitrātus, -ūs m.judgement, choice, discretion; arbitratū meō: as I see fit
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
quasi, conj.as if
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
interpōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput between; bring forward (an excuse)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cognitiō, -ōnis f.learning, knowledge, study
familiāritās, -ātis f.close friendship
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nōn, adv.not
invītus, -a, -umunwilling
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
rogātus, -ūs m.request (only abl. sg.: rogātū, at the request of)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
quia (conj.)because
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
aetās, -tātis, f.age
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
flōreō, -ēre, -uīflourish, be prosperous
sīc, adv.so, thus
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
memorābilis, -eworth telling, memorable
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
vetus, veterisold, former
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
illūstris, -edistinguished, noble
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
interdum (adv.)sometimes
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
glōria, -ae, f.glory
excellō, -erebe superior, excel
volō, velle, voluīwish
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
parumper (adv.)for a short while
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.