Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 8
De Bello Gallico 8.31
The Carnutes and the Armorican states submit
Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō8.31.1Gāius Fabius cum reliquō exercitū in Carnutēs cēterāsque proficīscitur cīvitātēs, quārum eō proeliō, quod cum Dumnacō fēcerat, cōpiās esse accīsās sciēbat.
Gaius Fabius with the rest of the army sets out against the Carnutes and the other states whose forces, he knew, had been cut down in the battle he had fought with Dumnacus.
Note. accīsās: from accīdō, 'cut down, weaken' (ad + caedō).
8.31.2Nōn enim dubitābat quīn recentī calamitāte summissiōrēs essent futūrae, datō vērō spatiō ac tempore eōdem īnstīgante Dumnacō possent concitārī.
For he had no doubt that after their recent disaster they would be more submissive, but that, given time and space, they could be stirred up again with the same Dumnacus urging them on.
Note. Nōn … dubitābat quīn: 'he had no doubt that…'; quīn follows a negative verb of doubting. dātō vērō spatiō ac tempore: 'but if time and space were given'. eōdem instīgante Dumnacō: 'with the same Dumnacus urging them on'.
8.31.3Quā in rē summa fēlīcitās celeritāsque in recipiendīs cīvitātibus Fabium cōnsequitur.
In this matter the greatest good fortune and speed attend Fabius in winning over the states.
Note. summa fēlīcitās celeritāsque … Fabium cōnsequitur: 'the greatest luck and speed attend Fabius'. in recipiendīs cīvitātibus: gerundive, 'in receiving the states (into submission)'.
8.31.4Nam Carnutēs, quī saepe vexātī numquam pācis fēcerant mentiōnem, datīs obsidibus veniunt in dēditiōnem, cēteraeque cīvitātēs positae in ultimīs Galliae fīnibus Ōceanō coniūnctae, quae Armoricae appellantur, auctōritāte adductae Carnutum adventū Fabī legiōnumque imperāta sine morā faciunt.
For the Carnutes, who, though often harassed, had never made mention of peace, give hostages and come to surrender, and the other states lying in the furthest parts of Gaul next to the Ocean, which are called the Armorican states, moved by the authority of the Carnutes and the arrival of Fabius and the legions, carry out orders without delay.
Note. Armoricae: the Armorican states, along the coast of Brittany and Normandy. auctōritāte … Carnutum adventūque Fabī: 'by the influence of the Carnutes and the arrival of Fabius'.
8.31.5Dumnacus suīs fīnibus expulsus errāns latitānsque sōlus extrēmās Galliae regiōnēs petere est coāctus.
Dumnacus, driven from his own territory, wandering and hiding alone, was forced to make for the furthest regions of Gaul.
Note. errāns latitānsque sōlus: present participles, 'wandering and hiding alone'. est coāctus: 'was forced'.
Vocabulary
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| accīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus | cut into, cut partly through |
| sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | know |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| enim, conj. | for |
| dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | doubt, hesitate |
| quīn, conj. | so that ... not, but that, but |
| recēns, -entis | recent, fresh |
| calamitās, -tātis, f. | misfortune, calamity, disaster |
| summissus, -a, -um | lowered; humble, submissive |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| īnstīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | urge on, rouse, incite |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | stir up, rouse |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| fēlīcitās, -ātis f. | good fortune, luck |
| celeritās, -tātis, f. | swiftness, quickness, speed |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, follow; overtake |
| nam, conj. | for |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | harass, ravage |
| numquam, adv. | never |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| mentiō, -ōnis, f. | mention |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| dēditiō, -ōnis f. | surrender |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| ultimus, -a, -um | farthest, last |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join together, join |
| Armoricus, -a, -um | Armorican, of Armorica (the coastal region of north-western Gaul, modern Brittany and Normandy) |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| auctōritās, -tātis f. | influence, authority, prestige |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| expellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive out, expel |
| errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | wander, stray; be mistaken |
| latitō, -āre, -āvī | keep hidden, lie in hiding |
| sōlus, -a, -um | alone |
| extrēmus, -a, -um | last, extreme, furthest |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |