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De Bello Gallico 7.85

The crisis at the upper camp

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.85.1Caesar idōneum locum nactus quid quāque ex parte gerātur cognōscit;

Caesar, having found a suitable place, learns what is happening in each part;

7.85.1labōrantibus summittit.

he sends help to those in difficulty.

7.85.2Utrīsque ad animum occurrit ūnum esse illud tempus, quō maximē contendī conveniat: Gallī, nisi perfrēgerint mūnītiōnēs, dē omnī salūte dēspērant;

It occurs to both sides that this is the one moment in which they must struggle hardest: the Gauls, unless they break through the fortifications, despair of all safety;

Note. ūnum esse illud tempus quō … contendī conveniat: 'that this was the one moment at which it was right to strive'. contendī is an impersonal passive infinitive.

7.85.3Rōmānī, sī rem obtinuerint, fīnem labōrum omnium exspectant.

the Romans, if they hold their ground, expect an end of all their labors.

7.85.4Maximē ad superiōrēs mūnītiōnēs labōrātur, quō Vercassivellaunum missum dēmōnstrāvimus.

The hardest fighting is at the upper fortifications, where we have said Vercassivellaunus was sent.

7.85.4Inīquum locī ad dēclīvitātem fastīgium magnum habet mōmentum.

The unfavorable slope of the ground down toward us counts for a great deal.

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7.85.5Aliī tēla coniciunt, aliī testūdine factā subeunt;

Some hurl missiles, others form a tortoise and come up close;

7.85.5dēfatīgātīs in vicem integrī succēdunt.

fresh men take the place of the exhausted in turn.

Note. dēfatīgātīs … integrī succēdunt: 'fresh men take the place of the tired', with dēfatīgātīs in the dative after succēdunt.

7.85.6Agger ab ūniversīs in mūnītiōnem coniectus et ascēnsum dat Gallīs et ea quae in terrā occultāverant Rōmānī contegit;

Earth thrown by all of them onto the fortification both gives the Gauls a way up and covers the things the Romans had hidden in the ground;

7.85.6nec iam arma nostrīs nec vīrēs suppetunt.

and our men no longer have enough weapons or strength.

Vocabulary

idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
submittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend (as help)
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
nisi, conj.if not, unless
perfringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctumbreak through
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
omnis, -eall, every
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
sī, conj.if
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātuspoint out, show; make known
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
dēclīvitās, -ātis f.downward slope
fastīgium, -ī n.top, summit; slope; height
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
testūdō, -inis f.tortoise; 'tortoise' formation of locked shields
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
dēfatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwear out, exhaust
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
agger, aggeris m.mound, siege ramp
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ascēnsus, -ūs m.way up, climb
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
contegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iam, adv.now, already
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
noster, -tra, -trumour
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
suppetō, -ere, -īvībe at hand, be in supply
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.