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De Bello Gallico 7.62

The battle near Lutetia

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.62.1Prīmā lūce et nostrī omnēs erant trānsportātī, et hostium aciēs cernēbātur.

At dawn all our men had been ferried across, and the enemy's line could be seen.

7.62.2Labiēnus mīlitēs cohortātus ut suae prīstinae virtūtis et secundissimōrum proeliōrum retinērent memoriam atque ipsum Caesarem, cuius ductū saepe numerō hostēs superāssent, praesentem adesse exīstimārent, dat signum proelī.

Labienus urged his soldiers to keep in mind their own former courage and their very successful battles, and to imagine that Caesar himself, under whose leadership they had so often defeated the enemy, was there in person; then he gave the signal for battle.

Note. saepe numerō: 'often', literally 'often in number'. praesentem adesse: 'was there in person'.

7.62.3Prīmō concursū ab dextrō cornū, ubi septima legiō cōnstiterat, hostēs pelluntur atque in fugam coniciuntur;

At the first charge, on the right wing, where the seventh legion was stationed, the enemy were driven back and put to flight;

7.62.4ab sinistrō, quem locum duodecima legiō tenēbat, cum prīmī ōrdinēs hostium trānsfīxī tēlīs concidissent, tamen ācerrimē reliquī resistēbant, nec dabat suspīciōnem fugae quisquam.

on the left, the position held by the twelfth legion, although the front ranks of the enemy had fallen pierced by javelins, the rest still resisted most fiercely, and no one gave any sign of flight.

7.62.5Ipse dux hostium Camulogenus suīs aderat atque eōs cohortābātur.

The enemy's commander himself, Camulogenus, was there beside his men and encouraged them.

7.62.6Incertō nunc etiam exitū victōriae, cum septimae legiōnis tribūnīs esset nūntiātum quae in sinistrō cornū gererentur, post tergum hostium legiōnem ostendērunt signaque intulērunt.

While the outcome of the victory was still uncertain, the tribunes of the seventh legion were told what was happening on the left wing; they showed the legion in the enemy's rear and charged.

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7.62.7Nē eō quidem tempore quisquam locō cessit, sed circumventī omnēs interfectīque sunt.

Not even then did anyone leave his place, but they were all surrounded and killed.

Note. Nē eō quidem tempore: 'not even at that time'.

7.62.8Eandem fortūnam tulit Camulogenus.

Camulogenus met the same fate.

7.62.8At eī quī praesidiō contrā castra Labiēnī erant relictī, cum proelium commissum audīssent, subsidiō suīs iērunt collemque cēpērunt, neque nostrōrum mīlitum victōrum impetum sustinēre potuērunt.

But those who had been left as a guard opposite Labienus' camp, when they heard that battle had been joined, went to help their men and took a hill, but they could not withstand the attack of our victorious soldiers.

7.62.9Sīc cum suīs fugientibus permixtī, quōs nōn silvae montēsque tēxērunt, ab equitātū sunt interfectī.

So, mingled with their own men in flight, those whom the woods and hills did not shelter were killed by the cavalry.

7.62.10hōc negōtiō cōnfectō Labiēnus revertitur Agēdincum, ubi impedīmenta tōtīus exercitūs relicta erant: inde cum omnibus cōpiīs ad Caesarem pervēnit.

When this was done, Labienus returned to Agedincum, where the baggage of the whole army had been left; from there he reached Caesar with all his forces.

Vocabulary

prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
lūx, lūcis, f.light
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
noster, -tra, -trumour
omnis, -eall, every
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
trānsportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātuscarry across or over, transport
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātusencourage, exhort
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
prīstinus, -a, -umformer
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
memoria, -ae, f.memory
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ductus, -ūs m.leadership, command
saepe, adv.often, frequently
numerō (adv.)in number (saepe numerō: very often)
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dexter, -tra, -trumright
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
septimus, -a, -umseventh
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fuga, -ae, f.flight
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
duodecimus, -a, -umtwelfth
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxusthrust or pierce through, transfix
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
concidō, -ere, concidīfall down, collapse
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
nunc, adv.now
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
victōria, -ae, f.victory
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
tergum, -ī, n.back
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
que, enclitic conj.and
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
sed, conj.but
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
at, conj.but
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
collis, -is m.hill
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sīc, adv.so, thus
cum, prep, with abl.with
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
nōn, adv.not
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
mōns, montis, m.mountain
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
inde (adv.)from there; then
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.