Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.62
The battle near Lutetia
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.62.1Prīmā lūce et nostrī omnēs erant trānsportātī, et hostium aciēs cernēbātur.
At dawn all our men had been ferried across, and the enemy's line could be seen.
7.62.2Labiēnus mīlitēs cohortātus ut suae prīstinae virtūtis et secundissimōrum proeliōrum retinērent memoriam atque ipsum Caesarem, cuius ductū saepe numerō hostēs superāssent, praesentem adesse exīstimārent, dat signum proelī.
Labienus urged his soldiers to keep in mind their own former courage and their very successful battles, and to imagine that Caesar himself, under whose leadership they had so often defeated the enemy, was there in person; then he gave the signal for battle.
Note. saepe numerō: 'often', literally 'often in number'. praesentem adesse: 'was there in person'.
7.62.3Prīmō concursū ab dextrō cornū, ubi septima legiō cōnstiterat, hostēs pelluntur atque in fugam coniciuntur;
At the first charge, on the right wing, where the seventh legion was stationed, the enemy were driven back and put to flight;
7.62.4ab sinistrō, quem locum duodecima legiō tenēbat, cum prīmī ōrdinēs hostium trānsfīxī tēlīs concidissent, tamen ācerrimē reliquī resistēbant, nec dabat suspīciōnem fugae quisquam.
on the left, the position held by the twelfth legion, although the front ranks of the enemy had fallen pierced by javelins, the rest still resisted most fiercely, and no one gave any sign of flight.
7.62.5Ipse dux hostium Camulogenus suīs aderat atque eōs cohortābātur.
The enemy's commander himself, Camulogenus, was there beside his men and encouraged them.
7.62.6Incertō nunc etiam exitū victōriae, cum septimae legiōnis tribūnīs esset nūntiātum quae in sinistrō cornū gererentur, post tergum hostium legiōnem ostendērunt signaque intulērunt.
While the outcome of the victory was still uncertain, the tribunes of the seventh legion were told what was happening on the left wing; they showed the legion in the enemy's rear and charged.
7.62.7Nē eō quidem tempore quisquam locō cessit, sed circumventī omnēs interfectīque sunt.
Not even then did anyone leave his place, but they were all surrounded and killed.
Note. Nē eō quidem tempore: 'not even at that time'.
7.62.8Eandem fortūnam tulit Camulogenus.
Camulogenus met the same fate.
7.62.8At eī quī praesidiō contrā castra Labiēnī erant relictī, cum proelium commissum audīssent, subsidiō suīs iērunt collemque cēpērunt, neque nostrōrum mīlitum victōrum impetum sustinēre potuērunt.
But those who had been left as a guard opposite Labienus' camp, when they heard that battle had been joined, went to help their men and took a hill, but they could not withstand the attack of our victorious soldiers.
7.62.9Sīc cum suīs fugientibus permixtī, quōs nōn silvae montēsque tēxērunt, ab equitātū sunt interfectī.
So, mingled with their own men in flight, those whom the woods and hills did not shelter were killed by the cavalry.
7.62.10hōc negōtiō cōnfectō Labiēnus revertitur Agēdincum, ubi impedīmenta tōtīus exercitūs relicta erant: inde cum omnibus cōpiīs ad Caesarem pervēnit.
When this was done, Labienus returned to Agedincum, where the baggage of the whole army had been left; from there he reached Caesar with all his forces.
Vocabulary
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| lūx, lūcis, f. | light |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| trānsportō, -portāre, -portāvī, -portātus | carry across or over, transport |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētus | discern, perceive, make out |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātus | encourage, exhort |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| prīstinus, -a, -um | former |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| secundus, -a, -um | following, favorable |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast |
| memoria, -ae, f. | memory |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ductus, -ūs m. | leadership, command |
| saepe, adv. | often, frequently |
| numerō (adv.) | in number (saepe numerō: very often) |
| superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | overcome, defeat, conquer |
| praesēns, -sentis, adj. | present, immediate, imminent |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| concursus, -ūs m. | a running together, charge |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| dexter, -tra, -trum | right |
| cornū, -ūs, n. | horn |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| septimus, -a, -um | seventh |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| sinister, -tra, -trum | left |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| duodecimus, -a, -um | twelfth |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxus | thrust or pierce through, transfix |
| tēlum, -ī, n. | missile, spear, weapon |
| concidō, -ere, concidī | fall down, collapse |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| ācriter, adv. | sharply, fiercely |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| resistō, -sistere, -stitī | stand back, resist |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| suspīciō, -ōnis, f. | suspicion |
| quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron. | any one, anything |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| nunc, adv. | now |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| exitus, -ūs m. | way out; outcome, end |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| tergum, -ī, n. | back |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| sed, conj. | but |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| fortūna, -ae, f. | fortune |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| at, conj. | but |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| subsidium, -ī, n. | reserve, reinforcement, support, help |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| collis, -is m. | hill |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtus | mix together, mingle |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| mōns, montis, m. | mountain |
| tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctus | cover |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| negōtium, -ī, n. | business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| inde (adv.) | from there; then |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |