Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.54
Eporedorix and Viridomarus leave
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.54.1Ibi ā Viridomārō atque Eporēdorīge Aeduīs appellātus discit cum omnī equitātū Litaviccum ad sollicitandōs Aeduōs profectum: opus esse ipsōs antecēdere ad cōnfirmandam cīvitātem.
There he was addressed by the Aeduans Viridomarus and Eporedorix, and learns that Litaviccus has set out with all the cavalry to stir up the Aedui: they must go on ahead themselves to strengthen the state.
7.54.2Etsī multīs iam rēbus perfidiam Aeduōrum perspectam habēbat atque hōrum discessū admātūrārī dēfectiōnem cīvitātis exīstimābat, tamen eōs retinendōs nōn cōnstituit, nē aut īnferre iniūriam vidērētur aut dare timōris aliquam suspīciōnem.
Although by now he had seen the treachery of the Aedui in many ways, and thought that the revolt of the state would be hastened by their departure, still he decided not to keep them back, so as not to seem either to do them a wrong or to give some hint of fear.
Note. eōs retinendōs nōn cōnstituit: 'he decided not to keep them back', retinendōs being a gerundive in agreement with eōs.
7.54.2Discēdentibus hīs breviter sua in Aeduōs merita exposuit, quōs et quam humilēs accēpisset, compulsōs in oppida, multātōs agrīs omnibus ēreptīs cōpiīs, impositō stīpendiō, obsidibus summā cum contumēliā extortīs, et quam in fortūnam quamque in amplitūdinem dēdūxisset, ut nōn sōlum in prīstinum statum redīssent, sed omnium temporum dignitātem et grātiam antecessisse vidērentur.
As they were leaving, he briefly set out his services to the Aedui: how humbled he had found them, driven into their towns, deprived of their lands, all their forces taken away, tribute laid on them, hostages extorted with the greatest insult; and to what fortune and what greatness he had brought them, so that they had not only returned to their former position but seemed to have surpassed the dignity and influence of all times past.
Note. quōs et quam humilēs accēpisset: 'whom he had received, and how low'; the indirect questions depend on exposuit. multātōs agrīs: 'deprived of their lands'. redīssent = rediissent.
7.54.4Hīs datīs mandātīs eōs ab sē dīmīsit.
With these instructions he sent them away from him.
Vocabulary
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| discō, discere, didicī | learn |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | stir up, tempt |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go before; surpass |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| perfidia, -ae f. | treachery, bad faith |
| perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum | see clearly, observe |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| discessus, -ūs m. | departure |
| admātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hasten, bring on sooner |
| dēfectiō, -ōnis f. | revolt, desertion |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set together or up; appoint; determine |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| iniūria, -ae, f. | injury, wrong, hurt, harm |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| timor, -ōris, m. | fear |
| aliquis, -quid, indef. pron. | someone, any one, something, anything, some, any |
| suspīciō, -ōnis, f. | suspicion |
| discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go apart, withdraw, depart |
| breviter (adv.) | briefly, in a few words |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| meritum, -ī n. | service, desert |
| expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| humilis, -e | low; humble, poor |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive together, drive |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| multō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | punish, fine; deprive (of: abl.) |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus | snatch out or away, rescue |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | place or lay upon, impose; embark |
| stīpendium, -ī, n. | tax, tribute |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| contumēlia, -ae f. | insult, outrage |
| extorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortus | wrench away, extort |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| fortūna, -ae, f. | fortune |
| amplitūdō, -inis f. | size, greatness |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n. | only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil |
| prīstinus, -a, -um | former |
| status, -ūs m. | condition, state |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| sed, conj. | but |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| dignitās, -ātis f. | rank, standing, prestige |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| mandātum, -ī n. | order, instruction, message |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |