De Bello Gallico 7.54

Eporedorix and Viridomarus leave

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7.54.1Ibi ā Viridomārō atque Eporēdorīge Aeduīs appellātus discit cum omnī equitātū Litaviccum ad sollicitandōs Aeduōs profectum: opus esse ipsōs antecēdere ad cōnfirmandam cīvitātem.There he was addressed by the Aeduans Viridomarus and Eporedorix, and learns that Litaviccus has set out with all the cavalry to stir up the Aedui: they must go on ahead themselves to strengthen the state. 7.54.2Etsī multīs iam rēbus perfidiam Aeduōrum perspectam habēbat atque hōrum discessū admātūrārī dēfectiōnem cīvitātis exīstimābat, tamen eōs retinendōs nōn cōnstituit, nē aut īnferre iniūriam vidērētur aut dare timōris aliquam suspīciōnem.Although by now he had seen the treachery of the Aedui in many ways, and thought that the revolt of the state would be hastened by their departure, still he decided not to keep them back, so as not to seem either to do them a wrong or to give some hint of fear.Note. eōs retinendōs nōn cōnstituit: 'he decided not to keep them back', retinendōs being a gerundive in agreement with eōs. 7.54.2Discēdentibus hīs breviter sua in Aeduōs merita exposuit, quōs et quam humilēs accēpisset, compulsōs in oppida, multātōs agrīs omnibus ēreptīs cōpiīs, impositō stīpendiō, obsidibus summā cum contumēliā extortīs, et quam in fortūnam quamque in amplitūdinem dēdūxisset, ut nōn sōlum in prīstinum statum redīssent, sed omnium temporum dignitātem et grātiam antecessisse vidērentur.As they were leaving, he briefly set out his services to the Aedui: how humbled he had found them, driven into their towns, deprived of their lands, all their forces taken away, tribute laid on them, hostages extorted with the greatest insult; and to what fortune and what greatness he had brought them, so that they had not only returned to their former position but seemed to have surpassed the dignity and influence of all times past.Note. quōs et quam humilēs accēpisset: 'whom he had received, and how low'; the indirect questions depend on exposuit. multātōs agrīs: 'deprived of their lands'. redīssent = rediissent.

7.54.4Hīs datīs mandātīs eōs ab sē dīmīsit.With these instructions he sent them away from him.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (82 words)

ibi, adv.	in that place, there
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)	away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
atque, ac (conj.)	and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus	call, name
discō, discere, didicī	learn
cum, prep, with abl.	with
omnis, -e	all, every
equitātus, -ūs m.	cavalry
ad, prep. with acc.	to, toward; at, near; for
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum	stir up, tempt
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum	set out, depart, march
opus, operis, n.	work, task
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus	be
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.	self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum	go before; surpass
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus	strengthen, establish; declare, assert
cīvitās, -tātis, f.	state
etsī, conj.	even if, although
multus, -a, -um	much, great; plur., many
iam, adv.	now, already
rēs, reī, f.	thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
perfidia, -ae f.	treachery, bad faith
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum	see clearly, observe
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus	have, hold; consider
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.	this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
discessus, -ūs m.	departure
admātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus	hasten, bring on sooner
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.	revolt, desertion
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus	consider, believe, think
tamen, adv.	however, yet, nevertheless
is, ea, id, dem. pron.	this, that; he, she, it, they
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus	hold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
nōn, adv.	not
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus	set together or up; appoint; determine
nē, adv.	not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
aut, conj.	or; aut ... aut, either ... or
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus	bring in or against, wage against; inflict
iniūria, -ae, f.	injury, wrong, hurt, harm
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus	see; pass., seem
dō, dare, dedī, datus	give
timor, -ōris, m.	fear
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.	someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.	suspicion
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus	go apart, withdraw, depart
breviter (adv.)	briefly, in a few words
suus, -a, -um	his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
in, prep. with acc. and abl.	with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
meritum, -ī n.	service, desert
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus	put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.	who, which
et, conj.	and; et ... et, both ... and
quam, adv.	how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
humilis, -e	low; humble, poor
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus	take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus	drive together, drive
oppidum, -ī, n.	town
multō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus	punish, fine; deprive (of: abl.)
ager, agri, m.	field, land
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptus	snatch out or away, rescue
cōpia, -ae, f.	supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus	place or lay upon, impose; embark
stīpendium, -ī, n.	tax, tribute
obses, obsidis m./f.	hostage
summus, -a, -um	uppermost, highest, greatest
contumēlia, -ae f.	insult, outrage
extorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortus	wrench away, extort
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.	what?
fortūna, -ae, f.	fortune
amplitūdō, -inis f.	size, greatness
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus	lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
ut, conj.	as; when; that; ita ut, as
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.	only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
prīstinus, -a, -um	former
status, -ūs m.	condition, state
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus	go back, return
sed, conj.	but
tempus, temporis, n.	time, season
dignitās, -ātis f.	rank, standing, prestige
grātia, -ae, f.	favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
mandātum, -ī n.	order, instruction, message
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.	himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus	send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.