Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.30
The Gauls take heart
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.30.1Fuit haec ōrātiō nōn ingrāta Gallīs, et maximē, quod ipse animō nōn dēfēcerat tantō acceptō incommodō neque sē in occultum abdiderat et cōnspectum multitūdinis fūgerat;
This speech was not unwelcome to the Gauls, above all because he himself had not lost heart after suffering so great a setback, and had not hidden himself away and avoided the sight of the crowd;
7.30.2plūsque animō prōvidēre et praesentīre exīstimābātur, quod rē integrā prīmō incendendum Avaricum, post dēserendum cēnsuerat.
and he was thought to have greater foresight and insight, because while things were still undecided he had advised first that Avaricum be burned and later that it be abandoned.
Note. rē integrā: 'while the matter was still undecided', an ablative absolute. Earlier (VII.15) Vercingetorix had advised that Avaricum be burned, but the Bituriges had begged to keep it.
7.30.3Itaque ut reliquōrum imperātōrum rēs adversae auctōritātem minuunt, sīc huius ex contrāriō dignitās incommodō acceptō in diēs augēbātur.
So, while setbacks lessen the authority of other commanders, his prestige, on the contrary, grew from day to day after the defeat.
7.30.4Simul in spem veniēbant eius adfirmātiōne dē reliquīs adiungendīs cīvitātibus;
At the same time they began to hope, from his assurance, that the other states would be won over;
7.30.4prīmumque eō tempore Gallī castra mūnīre īnstituērunt et sīc sunt animō cōnfirmātī, hominēs īnsuētī labōris, ut omnia quae imperārentur sibi patienda exīstimārent.
and at that time the Gauls began for the first time to fortify camps, and they were so strengthened in spirit, men unused to toil, that they thought they must endure whatever they were ordered.
Note. omnia quae imperārentur sibi patienda: supply esse, 'that everything they were ordered must be endured by them'. sibi is a dative of agent with the gerundive.
Vocabulary
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ōrātiō, -ōnis, f. | speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| ingrātus, -a, -um | unwelcome, unpleasant; ungrateful |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | fail |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| incommodum, -ī, n. | inconvenience |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| occultum, -ī n. | hiding place (in occultō: in secret) |
| abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | put away, hide |
| cōnspectus, -ūs, m. | sight |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| plūs (adv.) | more |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum | foresee; provide for |
| praesentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsus | perceive beforehand, sense in advance |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| integer, -gra, -grum | untouched, fresh, whole |
| prīmō, adv. | at first |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertus | desert |
| cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus | think, believe, consider |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| imperātor, -ōris, m. | commander, general |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| auctōritās, -tātis f. | influence, authority, prestige |
| minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtum | lessen, reduce |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| contrārius, -a, -um | opposite, facing |
| dignitās, -ātis f. | rank, standing, prestige |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctum | increase, enlarge |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| adfirmātiō, -ōnis f. | assurance, firm statement |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join to, join |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| īnsuētus, -a, -um (+ gen.) | unused (to), unaccustomed |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |