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De Bello Gallico 7.30

The Gauls take heart

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.30.1Fuit haec ōrātiō nōn ingrāta Gallīs, et maximē, quod ipse animō nōn dēfēcerat tantō acceptō incommodō neque sē in occultum abdiderat et cōnspectum multitūdinis fūgerat;

This speech was not unwelcome to the Gauls, above all because he himself had not lost heart after suffering so great a setback, and had not hidden himself away and avoided the sight of the crowd;

7.30.2plūsque animō prōvidēre et praesentīre exīstimābātur, quod rē integrā prīmō incendendum Avaricum, post dēserendum cēnsuerat.

and he was thought to have greater foresight and insight, because while things were still undecided he had advised first that Avaricum be burned and later that it be abandoned.

Note. rē integrā: 'while the matter was still undecided', an ablative absolute. Earlier (VII.15) Vercingetorix had advised that Avaricum be burned, but the Bituriges had begged to keep it.

7.30.3Itaque ut reliquōrum imperātōrum rēs adversae auctōritātem minuunt, sīc huius ex contrāriō dignitās incommodō acceptō in diēs augēbātur.

So, while setbacks lessen the authority of other commanders, his prestige, on the contrary, grew from day to day after the defeat.

7.30.4Simul in spem veniēbant eius adfirmātiōne dē reliquīs adiungendīs cīvitātibus;

At the same time they began to hope, from his assurance, that the other states would be won over;

7.30.4prīmumque eō tempore Gallī castra mūnīre īnstituērunt et sīc sunt animō cōnfirmātī, hominēs īnsuētī labōris, ut omnia quae imperārentur sibi patienda exīstimārent.

and at that time the Gauls began for the first time to fortify camps, and they were so strengthened in spirit, men unused to toil, that they thought they must endure whatever they were ordered.

Note. omnia quae imperārentur sibi patienda: supply esse, 'that everything they were ordered must be endured by them'. sibi is a dative of agent with the gerundive.

Vocabulary

sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
nōn, adv.not
ingrātus, -a, -umunwelcome, unpleasant; ungrateful
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
quod, conj.that, in that, because
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
occultum, -ī n.hiding place (in occultō: in secret)
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
plūs (adv.)more
que, enclitic conj.and
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
praesentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsusperceive beforehand, sense in advance
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
prīmō, adv.at first
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtumlessen, reduce
sīc, adv.so, thus
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
spēs, speī, f.hope
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
adfirmātiō, -ōnis f.assurance, firm statement
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
homō, hominis, m.man
īnsuētus, -a, -um (+ gen.)unused (to), unaccustomed
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.