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De Bello Gallico 7.16

Vercingetorix harasses the foragers

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.16.1Vercingetorīx minōribus Caesarem itineribus subsequitur et locum castrīs dēligit palūdibus silvīsque mūnītum ab Avaricō longē mīlia passuum XVI. Ibi per certōs explōrātōrēs in singula diēī tempora quae ad Avaricum agerentur cognōscēbat et quid fierī vellet imperābat.

Vercingetorix follows Caesar by shorter marches and chooses for his camp a place protected by marshes and woods, sixteen miles from Avaricum. There, through trusty scouts, he learned at every hour of the day what was happening at Avaricum, and gave orders for what he wanted done.

Note. The edition prints two sentences here (… XVI. Ibi …); they are kept together as one reading unit.

7.16.3Omnīs nostrās pābulātiōnēs frūmentātiōnēsque observābat dispersōsque, cum longius necessāriō prōcēderent, adoriēbātur magnōque incommodō adficiēbat, etsī, quantum ratiōne prōvidērī poterat, ab nostrīs occurrēbātur, ut incertīs temporibus dīversīsque itineribus īrētur.

He watched all our foraging and grain-gathering, and attacked our men when they were scattered, since they had to go rather far, and caused them heavy losses, although our side met this as far as could be provided for by planning, by going at irregular times and by different routes.

Vocabulary

parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
subsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumfollow closely
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
que, enclitic conj.and
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
longē, adv.far
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
ibi, adv.in that place, there
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
explōrātor, -ōris, m.explorer, scout, spy
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
volō, velle, voluīwish
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
omnis, -eall, every
noster, -tra, -trumour
pābulātiō, -ōnis f.foraging
frūmentātiō, -ōnis f.foraging, getting grain
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
necessāriō (adv.)of necessity, unavoidably
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
etsī, conj.even if, although
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.