Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.16
Vercingetorix harasses the foragers
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.16.1Vercingetorīx minōribus Caesarem itineribus subsequitur et locum castrīs dēligit palūdibus silvīsque mūnītum ab Avaricō longē mīlia passuum XVI. Ibi per certōs explōrātōrēs in singula diēī tempora quae ad Avaricum agerentur cognōscēbat et quid fierī vellet imperābat.
Vercingetorix follows Caesar by shorter marches and chooses for his camp a place protected by marshes and woods, sixteen miles from Avaricum. There, through trusty scouts, he learned at every hour of the day what was happening at Avaricum, and gave orders for what he wanted done.
Note. The edition prints two sentences here (… XVI. Ibi …); they are kept together as one reading unit.
7.16.3Omnīs nostrās pābulātiōnēs frūmentātiōnēsque observābat dispersōsque, cum longius necessāriō prōcēderent, adoriēbātur magnōque incommodō adficiēbat, etsī, quantum ratiōne prōvidērī poterat, ab nostrīs occurrēbātur, ut incertīs temporibus dīversīsque itineribus īrētur.
He watched all our foraging and grain-gathering, and attacked our men when they were scattered, since they had to go rather far, and caused them heavy losses, although our side met this as far as could be provided for by planning, by going at irregular times and by different routes.
Vocabulary
| parvus, -a, -um | little, small |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| subsequor, -ī, -secūtus sum | follow closely |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctus | choose out, choose, select |
| palūs, -ūdis, f. | swamp, marsh |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| longē, adv. | far |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| explōrātor, -ōris, m. | explorer, scout, spy |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| singulī, -ae, -a | one at a time, single |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| pābulātiō, -ōnis f. | foraging |
| frūmentātiō, -ōnis f. | foraging, getting grain |
| observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | watch; keep, respect |
| dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersum | scatter |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| necessāriō (adv.) | of necessity, unavoidably |
| prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go forward, advance |
| adorior, -īrī, adortus sum | attack |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| incommodum, -ī, n. | inconvenience |
| adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | do to, move, affect; visit, afflict |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| quantum, adv. | how much? how? |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum | foresee; provide for |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run against, meet |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| dīversus, -a, -um | turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |