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De Bello Gallico 7.15

Avaricum is spared

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.15.1Omnium cōnsēnsū hāc sententiā probātā ūnō diē amplius XX urbēs Biturīgum incenduntur.

This view was approved by all, and in one day more than twenty cities of the Bituriges are set on fire.

7.15.2Hoc idem fit in reliquīs cīvitātibus: in omnibus partibus incendia cōnspiciuntur;

The same is done in the other states: fires are seen in every direction;

7.15.2quae etsī magnō cum dolōre omnēs ferēbant, tamen hoc sibi sōlātī prōpōnēbant, quod sē prope explōrātā victōriā celeriter āmissa reciperātūrōs cōnfīdēbant.

though all bore this with great grief, they still put this comfort before themselves, that since victory was almost certain they believed they would quickly recover what they had lost.

Note. hoc sibi sōlātī prōpōnēbant: partitive genitive, 'they set this comfort before themselves'.

7.15.3Dēlīberātur dē Avaricō in commūnī conciliō, incendī placēret an dēfendī.

It is debated in the general council whether it was right to burn Avaricum or to defend it.

7.15.4Prōcumbunt omnibus Gallīs ad pedēs Biturīgēs, nē pulcherrimam prope tōtīus Galliae urbem, quae praesidiō et ōrnāmentō sit cīvitātī, suīs manibus succendere cōgerentur: facile sē locī nātūrā dēfēnsūrōs dīcunt, quod prope ex omnibus partibus flūmine et palūde circumdata ūnum habeat et perangustum aditum.

The Bituriges throw themselves at the feet of all the Gauls, begging not to be forced to set fire with their own hands to almost the most beautiful city in all Gaul, which was both the defence and the pride of their state: they say they will easily defend it by the nature of the place, because, surrounded by a river and a marsh on almost every side, it has only one very narrow approach.

7.15.6Datur petentibus venia dissuādente prīmō Vercingetorīge, post concēdente et precibus ipsōrum et misericordiā vulgī.

Their request is granted, Vercingetorix at first arguing against it but afterward giving way both to their prayers and to the pity of the crowd.

7.15.6Dēfēnsōrēs oppidō idōneī dēliguntur.

Suitable defenders are chosen for the town.

Vocabulary

omnis, -eall, every
cōnsēnsus, -ūs, m.agreement, consent
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
amplius (adv.)more, further
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
urbs, urbis, f.city
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
etsī, conj.even if, although
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cum, prep, with abl.with
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
quod, conj.that, in that, because
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
victōria, -ae, f.victory
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumconsider, deliberate
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
an, conj.or (in questions)
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
prōcumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumfall down, sink down
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pēs, pedis, m.foot
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ōrnāmentum, -ī n.honour, distinction; ornament
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
manus, -ūs, f.hand
succendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle beneath, set on fire
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
facile, adv.easily
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
flūmen, -minis, n.river
palūs, -ūdis, f.swamp, marsh
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
perangustus, -a, -umvery narrow
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
dissuādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsusadvise against, oppose
prīmō, adv.at first
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
dēfēnsor, -ōris m.defender
oppidum, -ī, n.town
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.