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De Bello Gallico 7.10

The decision to march

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.10.1Magnam haec rēs Caesarī difficultātem ad cōnsilium capiendum adferēbat, sī reliquam partem hiemis ūnō locō legiōnēs continēret, nē stīpendiāriīs Aeduōrum expugnātīs cūncta Gallia dēficeret, quod nūllum amīcīs in eō praesidium vidērētur positum esse;

This caused Caesar great difficulty in forming a plan: if he kept the legions in one place for the rest of the winter, he feared that, once tributaries of the Aedui had been overwhelmed, all Gaul would revolt, because it would seem that he offered no protection to his friends;

Note. Two dangers, each in a sī-clause with its own fear (nē … dēficeret; nē … labōrāret): 'if he did X, there was a risk that …'.

7.10.1sī mātūrius ex hībernīs ēdūceret, nē ab rē frūmentāriā dūrīs subvectiōnibus labōrāret.

if he led them out of winter quarters too early, he feared he would be hard pressed for grain because of the difficult transport.

7.10.2Praestāre vīsum est tamen omnīs difficultātēs perpetī, quam tantā contumēliā acceptā omnium suōrum voluntātēs aliēnāre.

Yet it seemed better to endure every difficulty than to suffer so great a humiliation and lose the goodwill of all his supporters.

7.10.3Itaque cohortātus Aeduōs dē supportandō commeātū praemittit ad Boiōs quī dē suō adventū doceant hortenturque ut in fidē maneant atque hostium impetum magnō animō sustineant.

So, after urging the Aedui to bring up supplies, he sends men ahead to the Boii to tell them of his coming and to urge them to stay loyal and withstand the enemy's attack with stout hearts.

7.10.4Duābus Agēdincī legiōnibus atque impedīmentīs tōtīus exercitūs relictīs ad Boiōs proficīscitur.

Leaving two legions and the baggage of the whole army at Agedincum, he sets out for the Boii.

Vocabulary

magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
sī, conj.if
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
hiems, hiemis f.winter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
stīpendiārius, -a, -umpaying tribute
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
frūmentārius, -a, -umof grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply)
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
subvectiō, -ōnis f.bringing up of supplies, transport
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
omnis, -eall, every
perpetior, -petī, -pessus sumendure, bear to the end
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātusencourage, exhort
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
supportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbring up, convey
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
que, enclitic conj.and
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.