Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.10
The decision to march
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.10.1Magnam haec rēs Caesarī difficultātem ad cōnsilium capiendum adferēbat, sī reliquam partem hiemis ūnō locō legiōnēs continēret, nē stīpendiāriīs Aeduōrum expugnātīs cūncta Gallia dēficeret, quod nūllum amīcīs in eō praesidium vidērētur positum esse;
This caused Caesar great difficulty in forming a plan: if he kept the legions in one place for the rest of the winter, he feared that, once tributaries of the Aedui had been overwhelmed, all Gaul would revolt, because it would seem that he offered no protection to his friends;
Note. Two dangers, each in a sī-clause with its own fear (nē … dēficeret; nē … labōrāret): 'if he did X, there was a risk that …'.
7.10.1sī mātūrius ex hībernīs ēdūceret, nē ab rē frūmentāriā dūrīs subvectiōnibus labōrāret.
if he led them out of winter quarters too early, he feared he would be hard pressed for grain because of the difficult transport.
7.10.2Praestāre vīsum est tamen omnīs difficultātēs perpetī, quam tantā contumēliā acceptā omnium suōrum voluntātēs aliēnāre.
Yet it seemed better to endure every difficulty than to suffer so great a humiliation and lose the goodwill of all his supporters.
7.10.3Itaque cohortātus Aeduōs dē supportandō commeātū praemittit ad Boiōs quī dē suō adventū doceant hortenturque ut in fidē maneant atque hostium impetum magnō animō sustineant.
So, after urging the Aedui to bring up supplies, he sends men ahead to the Boii to tell them of his coming and to urge them to stay loyal and withstand the enemy's attack with stout hearts.
7.10.4Duābus Agēdincī legiōnibus atque impedīmentīs tōtīus exercitūs relictīs ad Boiōs proficīscitur.
Leaving two legions and the baggage of the whole army at Agedincum, he sets out for the Boii.
Vocabulary
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| difficultas, -tātis, f. | difficulty |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum | bring, bring to; cause |
| sī, conj. | if |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| hiems, hiemis f. | winter |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| stīpendiārius, -a, -um | paying tribute |
| expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take by storm, capture |
| cūnctus, -a, -um | all, the whole |
| dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | fail |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē) | early, quickly |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead out, draw |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| frūmentārius, -a, -um | of grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply) |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| subvectiō, -ōnis f. | bringing up of supplies, transport |
| labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | labor, toil |
| praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitus | stand in front; show |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| perpetior, -petī, -pessus sum | endure, bear to the end |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| contumēlia, -ae f. | insult, outrage |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | make another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātus | encourage, exhort |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| supportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | bring up, convey |
| commeātus, -ūs, m. | supplies, provisions |
| praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | send ahead |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tus | teach, explain |
| hortor, -ārī, -ātus | exhort, encourage, urge |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |