| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| difficultas, -tātis, f. | difficulty |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum | bring, bring to; cause |
| sī, conj. | if |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| hiems, hiemis f. | winter |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| stīpendiārius, -a, -um | paying tribute |
| expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take by storm, capture |
| cūnctus, -a, -um | all, the whole |
| dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | fail |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē) | early, quickly |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead out, draw |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| frūmentārius, -a, -um | of grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply) |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| subvectiō, -ōnis f. | bringing up of supplies, transport |
| labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | labor, toil |
| praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitus | stand in front; show |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| perpetior, -petī, -pessus sum | endure, bear to the end |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| contumēlia, -ae f. | insult, outrage |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | make another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātus | encourage, exhort |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| supportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | bring up, convey |
| commeātus, -ūs, m. | supplies, provisions |
| praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | send ahead |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tus | teach, explain |
| hortor, -ārī, -ātus | exhort, encourage, urge |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsus | remain |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |