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De Bello Gallico 6.43

The hunt for Ambiorix

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VI. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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6.43.1Caesar rūrsus ad vexandōs hostēs profectus magnō coāctō numerō ex fīnitimīs cīvitātibus in omnēs partēs dīmittit.

Caesar set out again to harass the enemy, and having gathered a great number of men from the neighboring states, he sent them out in all directions.

6.43.2Omnēs vīcī atque omnia aedificia quae quisque cōnspexerat incendēbantur;

All the villages and all the buildings which anyone caught sight of were set on fire;

6.43.2praeda ex omnibus locīs agēbātur;

plunder was driven off from every place;

6.43.3frūmenta nōn sōlum tantā multitūdine iūmentōrum atque hominum cōnsūmēbantur, sed etiam annī tempore atque imbribus prōcubuerant ut, sī quī etiam in praesentiā sē occultāssent, tamen hīs dēductō exercitū rērum omnium inopiā pereundum vidērētur.

the crops were not only consumed by the great number of animals and men, but had also been beaten down by the season and the rains, so that even if any had hidden themselves for the moment, it seemed that once the army was withdrawn they must die from lack of everything.

Note. hīs … pereundum vidērētur: an impersonal gerundive with a dative of agent, 'it seemed that they would have to die'.

6.43.4Ac saepe in eum locum ventum est tantō in omnēs partēs dīvīsō equitātū, ut modo vīsum ab sē Ambiorīgem in fugā circumspicerent captīvī nec plānē etiam abīsse ex cōnspectū contenderent, ut spē cōnsequendī illātā atque īnfīnītō labōre susceptō, quī sē summam ab Caesare grātiam initūrōs putārent, paene nātūram studiō vincerent, semperque paulum ad summam fēlīcitātem dēfuisse vidērētur, atque ille latebrīs aut saltibus sē ēriperet et noctū occultātus aliās regiōnēs partēsque peteret nōn maiōre equitum praesidiō quam quattuor, quibus sōlīs vītam suam committere audēbat.

And often, with the cavalry spread out so widely in every direction, it came to the point that prisoners looked around for Ambiorix, whom they had just seen in flight, and insisted that he had not quite got out of sight, so that, in the hope of overtaking him and with endless labor undertaken, those who thought they would win the greatest gratitude from Caesar almost overcame nature by their zeal, and always it seemed that only a little was lacking for complete success; and he would escape by hiding places or woods and, hidden by night, make for other regions and parts with a guard of no more than four horsemen, to whom alone he dared to trust his life.

Note. The long result clause shows the whole hunt: ut … circumspicerent … contenderent, then a second ut … vincerent … vidērētur, and finally atque ille … ēriperet … peteret for the way Ambiorix always got away.

Vocabulary

rūrsus, adv.again
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
numerus, -ī, m.number
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
omnis, -eall, every
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
vīcus, -ī, m.village
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
aedificium, -ī n.building
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
nōn, adv.not
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
iūmentum, -ī n.pack animal, beast of burden
homō, hominis, m.man
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
annus, -ī, m.year
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
prōcumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumfall down, sink down
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
praesentia, -ae, f.the present
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
saepe, adv.often, frequently
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
modo, adv.only
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
fuga, -ae, f.flight
circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook around; look around for, consider
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
plānē (adv.)clearly, plainly
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
spēs, speī, f.hope
cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, follow; overtake
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
īnfīnītus, -a, -umboundless, countless
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
paene, adv.almost, nearly
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
semper, adv.always
que, enclitic conj.and
paulum, adv.a little, somewhat
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
latebra, -ae f.hiding place, lair
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
noctū, adv.at or by night
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
sōlus, -a, -umalone
vīta, -ae, f.life
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VI. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.