Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 5
De Bello Gallico 5.57
Labienus waits
Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō5.57.1Labiēnus, cum et locī nātūrā et manū mūnītissumīs castrīs sēsē tenēret, dē suō ac legiōnis perīculō nihil timēbat;
Labienus, since he was keeping himself in a camp very strongly fortified both by the nature of the ground and by work, had no fear for his own or the legion's safety;
5.57.1ne quam occāsiōnem reī bene gerendae dīmitteret, cōgitābat.
he was considering how not to let slip any opportunity of success.
Note. nē quam: after nē, quam (from quis) means 'any'. rēī bene gerendae: gerundive, 'of carrying out the business well'.
5.57.2Itaque ā Cingetorīge atque eius propinquīs ōrātiōne Indutiomārī cognitā, quam in conciliō habuerat, nūntiōs mittit ad fīnitimās cīvitātēs equitēsque undique ēvocat: hīs certum diem conveniendī dīcit.
So, having learned from Cingetorix and his relatives of the speech which Indutiomarus had made in the council, he sends messengers to the neighbouring states and calls out cavalry from all sides: he names a fixed day for them to assemble.
5.57.3Interim prope cōtīdiē cum omnī equitātū Indutiomārus sub castrīs eius vagābātur, aliās ut situm castrōrum cognōsceret, aliās colloquendī aut territandī causā: equitēs plērumque omnēs tēla intrā vallum coniciēbant.
Meanwhile almost every day Indutiomarus would roam about below his camp with all his cavalry, sometimes to learn the layout of the camp, sometimes to parley or to intimidate: the horsemen generally all threw their weapons inside the rampart.
5.57.4Labiēnus suōs intrā mūnītiōnem continēbat timōrisque opīniōnem, quibuscumque poterat rēbus, augēbat.
Labienus kept his men within the fortification and by whatever means he could he increased the impression that he was afraid.
Vocabulary
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| mūnītus, -a, -um | fortified, defended, protected |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| timeō, -ēre, -uī | fear |
| ne, enclitic introducing a question | untranslatable |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| occāsiō, -ōnis, f. | chance, opportunity |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| bene, adv. | well; successfully |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, think over |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f. | near; (noun) relative |
| ōrātiō, -ōnis, f. | speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| undique, adv. | from or on all sides |
| ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call out, challenge |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| cottīdiē, adv. | daily, every day |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum | wander, roam |
| aliās (adv.) | at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes) |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| situs, -a, -um | placed, situated |
| colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sum | talk with, confer |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| territō, -āre | keep frightening |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| plērumque (adv.) | generally, mostly |
| tēlum, -ī, n. | missile, spear, weapon |
| intrā, prep. with acc. | within |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| timor, -ōris, m. | fear |
| opīniō, -ōnis, f. | opinion, expectation; reputation |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctum | increase, enlarge |