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De Bello Gallico 5.57

Labienus waits

Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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5.57.1Labiēnus, cum et locī nātūrā et manū mūnītissumīs castrīs sēsē tenēret, dē suō ac legiōnis perīculō nihil timēbat;

Labienus, since he was keeping himself in a camp very strongly fortified both by the nature of the ground and by work, had no fear for his own or the legion's safety;

5.57.1ne quam occāsiōnem reī bene gerendae dīmitteret, cōgitābat.

he was considering how not to let slip any opportunity of success.

Note. nē quam: after nē, quam (from quis) means 'any'. rēī bene gerendae: gerundive, 'of carrying out the business well'.

5.57.2Itaque ā Cingetorīge atque eius propinquīs ōrātiōne Indutiomārī cognitā, quam in conciliō habuerat, nūntiōs mittit ad fīnitimās cīvitātēs equitēsque undique ēvocat: hīs certum diem conveniendī dīcit.

So, having learned from Cingetorix and his relatives of the speech which Indutiomarus had made in the council, he sends messengers to the neighbouring states and calls out cavalry from all sides: he names a fixed day for them to assemble.

5.57.3Interim prope cōtīdiē cum omnī equitātū Indutiomārus sub castrīs eius vagābātur, aliās ut situm castrōrum cognōsceret, aliās colloquendī aut territandī causā: equitēs plērumque omnēs tēla intrā vallum coniciēbant.

Meanwhile almost every day Indutiomarus would roam about below his camp with all his cavalry, sometimes to learn the layout of the camp, sometimes to parley or to intimidate: the horsemen generally all threw their weapons inside the rampart.

5.57.4Labiēnus suōs intrā mūnītiōnem continēbat timōrisque opīniōnem, quibuscumque poterat rēbus, augēbat.

Labienus kept his men within the fortification and by whatever means he could he increased the impression that he was afraid.

Vocabulary

cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
manus, -ūs, f.hand
mūnītus, -a, -umfortified, defended, protected
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
ne, enclitic introducing a questionuntranslatable
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
bene, adv.well; successfully
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
que, enclitic conj.and
undique, adv.from or on all sides
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
interim (adv.)meanwhile
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
cum, prep, with abl.with
omnis, -eall, every
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sumtalk with, confer
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
territō, -ārekeep frightening
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
intrā, prep. with acc.within
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
timor, -ōris, m.fear
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.