| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| mūnītus, -a, -um | fortified, defended, protected |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| timeō, -ēre, -uī | fear |
| ne, enclitic introducing a question | untranslatable |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| occāsiō, -ōnis, f. | chance, opportunity |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| bene, adv. | well; successfully |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, think over |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f. | near; (noun) relative |
| ōrātiō, -ōnis, f. | speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| undique, adv. | from or on all sides |
| ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call out, challenge |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| interim (adv.) | meanwhile |
| prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) | near, nearly |
| cottīdiē, adv. | daily, every day |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum | wander, roam |
| aliās (adv.) | at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes) |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| situs, -a, -um | placed, situated |
| colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sum | talk with, confer |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| territō, -āre | keep frightening |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| plērumque (adv.) | generally, mostly |
| tēlum, -ī, n. | missile, spear, weapon |
| intrā, prep. with acc. | within |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| timor, -ōris, m. | fear |
| opīniō, -ōnis, f. | opinion, expectation; reputation |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctum | increase, enlarge |