Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.15
The sea battle won
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō3.15.1Dēiectīs, ut dīximus, antemnīs, cum singulās bīnae ac ternae nāvēs circumsteterant, mīlitēs summā vī trānscendere in hostium nāvēs contendēbant.
When the yards had been torn down, as we have said, and two or three of our ships had surrounded each one of theirs, the soldiers strove with all their might to climb across into the enemy's ships.
Note. Dēiectīs … antemnīs is an ablative absolute. singulās bīnae ac ternae nāvēs: distributive numerals, 'two or three ships to each one'.
3.15.2Quod postquam barbarī fierī animadvertērunt, expugnātīs complūribus nāvibus, cum eī reī nūllum reperīrētur auxilium, fugā salūtem petere contendērunt.
When the barbarians saw this happening, and several ships had been taken, since no remedy could be found for it, they tried to seek safety in flight.
3.15.3Ac iam conversīs in eam partem nāvibus quō ventus ferēbat, tanta subitō malacia ac tranquillitās extitit ut sē ex locō movēre nōn possent.
And when they had already turned their ships in the direction the wind was carrying them, such a sudden dead calm came on that they could not move from the spot.
3.15.4Quae quidem rēs ad negōtium cōnficiendum maximae fuit oportūnitātī: nam singulās nostrī cōnsectātī expugnāvērunt, ut perpaucae ex omnī numerō noctis interventū ad terram pervenīrent, cum ab hōrā ferē IIII usque ad sōlis occāsum pugnārētur.
This circumstance was indeed a great help in finishing the business: for our men chased the ships one by one and took them, so that very few out of the whole number reached land when night came on, since the fighting went on from about the fourth hour until sunset.
Note. ad negōtium cōnficiendum: gerundive of purpose. maximae fuit opportūnitātī: double-dative idea, 'was of the greatest advantage'. The text prints per venīrent for pervenīrent.
Vocabulary
| dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw down, cast, drive out of one's course |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| antemna, -ae f. | yard (the spar that holds a sail) |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| singulī, -ae, -a | one at a time, single |
| bīnī, -ae, -a | two each, two at a time |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ternī, -ae, -a | three each, three at a time |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| circumstō, -stāre, -stetī | stand around |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| trānscendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsum | climb over, board |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| barbarus, -a, -um | barbarian |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn the mind to, observe |
| expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take by storm, capture |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus | find, discover |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| ventus, -ī, m. | wind |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| subitō, adv. | unexpectedly, suddenly |
| malacia, -ae f. | dead calm at sea |
| tranquillitās, -tātis, f. | calm |
| exstō, -āre | stand out; appear, arise |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus | move |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| negōtium, -ī, n. | business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| nam, conj. | for |
| singulī, -ae, -a | one at a time, single |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| cōnsector, -ārī, -ātus sum | pursue, chase |
| perpaucī, -ae, -a | very few |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| interventus, -ūs m. | coming on, intervention |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come through, come, arrive, reach |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| hōra, -ae, f. | hour |
| ferē, adv. | nearly, about, almost, for the most part |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| ūsque, adv. | all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō |
| sōl, sōlis, m. | sun |
| occāsus, -ūs, m. | setting |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |