Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 3
De Bello Gallico 3.11
Caesar divides his forces
Caesar, De Bello Gallico III. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō3.11.1Itaque T. Labiēnum lēgātum in Trēverōs, quī proximī flūminī Rhēnō sunt, cum equitātū mittit.
So he sends Titus Labienus, his officer, with the cavalry to the Treveri, who are next to the river Rhine.
3.11.2Huic mandat, Rēmōs reliquōsque Belgās adeat atque in officiō contineat Germānōsque, quī auxiliō ā Belgīs arcessītī dīcēbantur, sī per vim nāvibus flūmen trānsīre cōnentur, prohibeat.
He instructs him to visit the Remi and the other Belgae and keep them loyal, and to stop the Germans, who were said to have been called in by the Belgae to help, if they tried to cross the river by force in boats.
3.11.3P. Crassum cum cohortibus legiōnāriīs XII et magnō numerō equitātūs in Aquītāniam proficīscī iubet, nē ex hīs nātiōnibus auxilia in Galliam mittantur ac tantae nātiōnēs coniungantur.
He orders Publius Crassus to set out for Aquitania with twelve legionary cohorts and a large body of cavalry, so that auxiliaries would not be sent from those peoples into Gaul and such great nations would not join together.
3.11.4Q. Titūrium Sabīnum lēgātum cum legiōnibus tribus in Venellōs, Coriosolitēs Lexoviōsque mittit, quī eam manum distinendam cūret.
He sends Quintus Titurius Sabinus, his officer, with three legions against the Venelli, the Coriosolites and the Lexovii, to see that that force was kept apart.
Note. quī … cūret: a relative purpose clause, 'to see to it that'. distinendam: 'kept apart'.
3.11.5D. Brūtum adulēscentem classī Gallicīsque nāvibus, quās ex Pictonibus et Santonīs reliquīsque pācātīs regiōnibus convenīre iusserat, praeficit et, cum prīmum possit, in Venetōs proficīscī iubet.
He puts the young Decimus Brutus in command of the fleet and of the Gallic ships which he had ordered to assemble from the Pictones, the Santones and the other pacified regions, and orders him to set out against the Veneti as soon as he can.
3.11.5Ipse eō pedestribus cōpiīs contendit.
He himself hurries there with the infantry.
Vocabulary
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātus | put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to, approach |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| officium, -ī, n. | service; duty |
| contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus | call, summon, fetch |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| sī, conj. | if |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go across or over, cross |
| cōnor, -ārī, -ātus | try, attempt |
| prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus | hold back, prevent, hinder |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| legiōnārius, -a, -um | of a legion, legionary |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join together, join |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| trēs, tria, plur. adj. | three |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| distineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum | keep apart, keep divided |
| cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take care of; (+ gerundive) have something done |
| decimus, -a, -um | tenth |
| adulēscēns, -entis, m. | youth, young man |
| classis, -is f. | fleet |
| Gallicus, -a, -um | Gallic, of Gaul |
| pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | subdue, pacify |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum | put in charge of |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| pedester, -tris, -tre | on foot, infantry (pedestrēs cōpiae: infantry) |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |