Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.54
Winter quarters
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.54.1Hōc proeliō trāns Rhēnum nūntiātō, Suēbī, quī ad rīpās Rhēnī vēnerant, domum revertī coepērunt;
When news of this battle crossed the Rhine, the Suebi who had come to the banks of the Rhine began to go back home;
1.54.1quōs ubi quī proximī Rhēnum incolunt perterritōs sēnsērunt, īnsecūtī magnum ex iīs numerum occīdērunt.
when the peoples who live nearest the Rhine saw how frightened they were, they pursued them and killed a great number of them.
1.54.2Caesar ūnā aestāte duōbus maximīs bellīs cōnfectīs mātūrius paulō quam tempus annī postulābat in hīberna in Sēquanōs exercitum dēdūxit;
Having finished two very great wars in a single summer, Caesar led his army into winter quarters among the Sequani a little earlier than the season required;
Note. ūnā aestāte: 'in a single summer', ablative of time within which. mātūrius paulō: 'a little earlier'.
1.54.2hībernīs Labiēnum praeposuit;
he put Labienus in charge of the winter quarters;
1.54.3ipse in citeriōrem Galliam ad conventūs agendōs profectus est.
he himself set out for Nearer Gaul to hold the assizes.
Note. ad conventūs agendōs: 'to hold the assizes', the governor's law courts in his province.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| trāns, prep. with acc. | across, over |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| rīpa, -ae, f. | bank |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| incolō, -colere, -coluī | inhabit |
| perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territus | thoroughly frighten, terrify |
| sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsus | perceive, feel |
| īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow upon or up, pursue |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsus | cut down, kill |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| aestās, -tātis, f. | summer |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē) | early, quickly |
| paulō, adv. | by a little, a little, somewhat |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum | put in command of |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| citerior, -ius, adj. | on this side, hither |
| conventus, -ūs m. | meeting, assembly |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |