Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 1
De Bello Gallico 1.35
Caesar's demands
Caesar, De Bello Gallico I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō1.35.1Hīs respōnsīs ad Caesarem relātīs, iterum ad eum Caesar lēgātōs cum hīs mandātīs mittit: quoniam tantō suō populīque Rōmānī beneficiō adfectus, cum in cōnsulātū suō rēx atque amīcus ā senātū appellātus esset, hanc sibi populōque Rōmānō grātiam referret ut in conloquium venīre invītātus gravārētur neque dē commūnī rē dīcendum sibi et cognōscendum putāret, haec esse quae ab eō postulāret: prīmum nē quam multitūdinem hominum amplius trāns Rhēnum in Galliam trādūceret;
When these replies were brought back to Caesar, he sent envoys to him again with this message: since, after being treated with such kindness by himself and the Roman people, having been called king and friend by the Senate in Caesar's consulship, he showed his gratitude to Caesar and the Roman people by refusing to come to a conference when invited and by not thinking he needed to discuss and learn about matters of common concern, these were Caesar's demands: first, that he should bring no more people across the Rhine into Gaul;
Note. This long sentence is the message in indirect speech. gravārētur: 'he was unwilling', from the deponent gravor. haec esse quae … postulāret: 'these were the things he demanded'.
1.35.3deinde obsidēs quōs habēret ab Haeduīs redderet Sēquanīsque permitteret ut quōs illī habērent voluntāte eius reddere illīs licēret;
next, that he should return the hostages he held from the Haedui, and allow the Sequani to return, with his permission, the hostages they held;
1.35.3nēve Haeduōs iniūriā lacesseret nēve hīs sociīsque eōrum bellum īnferret.
and that he should not provoke the Haedui with wrongs or make war on them or their allies.
1.35.4Sī id ita fēcisset, sibi populōque Rōmānō perpetuam grātiam atque amīcitiam cum eō futūram;
If he did this, Caesar and the Roman people would have lasting goodwill and friendship with him;
1.35.4sī nōn impetrāret, sēsē, quoniam M. Messālā, M. Pīsōne cōnsulibus senātus cēnsuisset utī quīcumque Galliam prōvinciam obtinēret, quod commodō reī pūblicae facere posset, Haeduōs cēterōsque amīcōs populī Rōmānī dēfenderet, sē Haeduōrum iniūriās nōn neglēctūrum.
if Caesar did not obtain this, then, since the Senate had decreed in the consulship of Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso that whoever governed the province of Gaul should protect the Haedui and the other friends of the Roman people, as far as he could do so with advantage to the state, he would not overlook the wrongs done to the Haedui.
Note. M. Messālā, M. Pīsōne cōnsulibus: 61 BC, as in 1.2. quod commodō reī pūblicae facere posset: 'as far as he could do so with advantage to the state'.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| respōnsum, -ī, n. | reply, answer, response |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātus | bring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia |
| iterum, adv. | again, a second time |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| mandātum, -ī n. | order, instruction, message |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| quoniam, conj. | since now, since |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| beneficium, -ī, n. | well-doing, kindness, service, benefit |
| afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum | affect, afflict |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| cōnsulātus, -ūs m. | consulship |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| colloquium (conloquium), -ī n. | conference, talk |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | invite |
| gravor, -ārī, -ātus sum | be unwilling, object to |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| commūnis, -e | common, shared, public |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| amplius (adv.) | more, further |
| trāns, prep. with acc. | across, over |
| trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead across |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give back, return, restore; render |
| permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | allow, permit; entrust |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers. | is lawful or permitted |
| nēve or neu, conj. | and that not, and not, nor |
| iniūria, -ae, f. | injury, wrong, hurt, harm |
| lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum | provoke, harass |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| sī, conj. | if |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| perpetuus, -a, -um | continuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever |
| amīcitia, -ae f. | friendship, alliance |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātus | gain one's end, obtain (a request) |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus | think, believe, consider |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| prōvincia, -ae f. | province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul |
| obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold |
| commodum, -ī n. | advantage, interest |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus | ward off; defend |
| neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | disregard, neglect |