Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 1
De Bello Civili 1.87
The Pompeian army disbanded
Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 1.87.1Caesar ex eō tempore, dum ad flūmen Vārum veniātur, sē frūmentum datūrum pollicētur.
Caesar promises to supply them with corn from that time until they reach the river Var.
Note. dum … veniātur: 'until they reach'.
BC 1.87.1addit etiam, ut quid quisque eōrum in bellō āmīserit, quae sint penes mīlitēs suōs, iīs quī āmīserant restituātur;
He adds also that whatever each of them had lost in the war, if it was in the possession of his own soldiers, should be returned to those who had lost it;
Note. quid quisque … āmīserit: 'whatever each had lost'.
BC 1.87.1mīlitibus aequā factā aestimātiōne pecūniam prō hīs rēbus dissolvit.
to the soldiers he paid the value of these things in money, after a fair valuation.
Note. aequā factā aestimātiōne: ablative absolute, 'a fair valuation being made'.
BC 1.87.2quāscumque posteā contrōversiās inter sē mīlitēs habuērunt, suā sponte ad Caesarem in iūs adiērunt.
Whatever disputes the soldiers had among themselves after this, they brought to Caesar for judgement of their own accord.
Note. in iūs adiērunt: 'went to law', i.e. brought their disputes to Caesar as judge.
BC 1.87.3Petrēius atque Afrānius cum stīpendium ab legiōnibus paene sēditiōne factā flāgitārētur, cuius illī diem nōndum vēnisse dīcerent, Caesar ut cognōsceret, postulātum est, eōque utrīque, quod statuit, contentī fuērunt.
When the legions were demanding their pay from Petreius and Afranius, almost to the point of mutiny, and they said that the day for it had not yet come, it was asked that Caesar should decide, and both were content with his ruling.
Note. cuius … diem: 'the day for which (the pay)'. eōque … quod statuit: 'with what he decided'.
BC 1.87.4parte circiter tertiā exercitūs eō bīduō dīmissā duās legiōnēs suās antecēdere, reliquās subsequī iussit, ut nōn longō inter sē spatiō castra facerent, eīque negōtiō Q. Fūfium Calēnum lēgātum praefēcit.
About a third of the army was discharged in those two days; he ordered two of his own legions to go ahead and the rest to follow, so that they camped at no great distance from one another, and put the legate Quintus Fufius Calenus in charge of this task.
Note. eī negōtiō … praefēcit: 'put in charge of this task'. Quintus Fufius Calenus later became consul (47 BC).
BC 1.87.5hōc eius praescrīptō ex Hispāniā ad Vārum flūmen est iter factum, atque ibi reliqua pars exercitūs dīmissa est.
Following his instructions, the march was made from Spain to the river Var, and there the rest of the army was discharged.
Note. hōc eius praescrīptō: 'following this instruction of his'.
Vocabulary
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| polliceor, -licērī, -licitus | promise |
| addō, -ere, -didī, -ditus | add, put to |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron. | each |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send away, lose |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| penes (prep. + acc.) | in the hands of, in the power of |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set up again, put back, restore |
| aequus, -a, -um | level; equal; fair |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| aestimātiō, -ōnis f. | valuation, assessment |
| pecūnia, -ae, f. | money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times) |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| dissolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtus | loosen, break up; dissolūtus: lax, negligent |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| posteā, adv. | after this, afterwards |
| contrōversia, -ae, f. | quarrel, dispute, debate |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suā | of one's own accord, voluntarily |
| iūs, iūris, n. | right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath |
| adeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to, approach |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| stīpendium, -ī, n. | tax, tribute |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| paene, adv. | almost, nearly |
| sēditiō, -ōnis f. | riot, mutiny, discord |
| flāgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | demand urgently |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| nōndum, adv. | not yet |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both |
| statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtus | cause to stand; decide, resolve |
| contentus, -a, -um | content, satisfied (+ abl.) |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| circiter, prep. with acc. and adv. | about |
| tertius, -a, -um | third |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| bīduum, -ī n. | two days |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| antecēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | go before; surpass |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| subsequor, -ī, -secūtus sum | follow closely |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| negōtium, -ī, n. | business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty |
| quīntus, -a, -um | fifth |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum | put in charge of |
| praescrīptum, -ī n. | order, rule |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |