Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 1
De Bello Civili 1.12
Iguvium and Auximum
Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 1.12.1Intereā certior factus Iguium Thermum praetōrem cohortibus v tenēre, oppidum mūnīre, omniumque esse Iguīnōrum optimam ergā sē voluntātem, Cūriōnem cum tribus cohortibus, quās Pisaurī et Arīminī habēbat, mittit.
Meanwhile, informed that the praetor Thermus was holding Iguvium with five cohorts and fortifying the town, and that the goodwill of all the people of Iguvium towards himself was excellent, he sends Curio with the three cohorts which he had at Pisaurum and Ariminum.
Note. certior factus: 'having been informed', followed by indirect statement. Iguium is the edition's spelling of Iguvium (Gubbio). Cūriō: C. Scribonius Curio, the former tribune who had come over to Caesar.
BC 1.12.2cuius adventū cognitō diffīsus mūnicipiī voluntātī Thermus cohortēs ex urbe redūcit et profūgit.
Learning of his approach and distrusting the goodwill of the town, Thermus leads his cohorts out of the city and flees.
Note. diffīsus: 'distrusting', with the dative voluntātī.
BC 1.12.2mīlitēs in itinere ab eō discēdunt ac domum revertuntur.
On the march the soldiers leave him and go back home.
BC 1.12.3Cūriō summā omnium voluntāte Iguium recipit.
Curio takes over Iguvium with everyone's warmest goodwill.
Note. summā omnium voluntāte: 'with the utmost goodwill of all'.
BC 1.12.3quibus rēbus cognitīs cōnfīsus mūnicipiōrum voluntātibus Caesar cohortēs legiōnis xiii ex praesidiīs dēdūcit Auximumque proficīscitur;
Learning of this and trusting in the goodwill of the towns, Caesar withdraws the cohorts of the thirteenth legion from their garrisons and sets out for Auximum;
Note. Auximum: a town in Picenum, Pompey's home region, where he had many clients.
BC 1.12.3quod oppidum Attius cohortibus intrōductīs tenēbat dīlēctumque tōtō Pīcēnō circummissīs senātōribus habēbat.
Attius held this town with cohorts brought in, and was holding a levy throughout Picenum by sending senators around it.
Note. Attius: P. Attius Varus, a Pompeian. circummissīs senātōribus: 'having sent senators around'.
Vocabulary
| intereā, adv. | in the meantime, meanwhile |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| praetor, -ōris m. | praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers) |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| ergā, prep, with acc. | toward, for |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| voluntās, -tātis, f. | wish, will |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| trēs, tria, plur. adj. | three |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sum | distrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.) |
| mūnicipium, -ī n. | municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring back; restore |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go apart, withdraw, depart |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum | trust, be confident |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| intrōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum | lead in, bring in |
| dīlēctus, -ūs m. | levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| circummittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus | send around |
| senātor, -ōris m. | senator, elder |