Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Civil War, Book 1
De Bello Civili 1.11
Unequal terms; Caesar moves south
Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōBC 1.11.1Erat inīqua condiciō postulāre, ut Caesar Arīminō excēderet atque in prōvinciam reverterētur, ipsum et prōvinciās et legiōnēs aliēnās tenēre;
It was an unfair condition to demand that Caesar should leave Ariminum and return to his province, while Pompey himself kept provinces and legions that belonged to others;
Note. Caesar now argues that the terms were unfair. Erat inīqua condiciō postulāre: 'it was an unfair condition to demand'. ipsum: Pompey.
BC 1.11.1exercitum Caesaris velle dīmittī, dīlēctūs habēre;
to want Caesar's army disbanded while holding levies himself;
Note. The infinitives continue the list of unfair demands.
BC 1.11.2pollicērī sē in prōvinciam itūrum neque, ante quem diem itūrus sit, dēfīnīre, ut, sī peractō cōnsulātū Caesaris nōn profectus esset, nūlla tamen mendācī religiōne obstrictus vidērētur;
to promise that he would go to his province, and not to set a day before which he would go, so that if he had not set out when Caesar's consulship was over, he would still not seem bound by any lie on his conscience.
Note. nūllā … mendāci religiōne obstrictus: 'bound by no false oath', i.e. he could stay without technically breaking his word.
BC 1.11.3tempus vērō colloquiō nōn dare neque accessūrum pollicērī magnam pācis dēspērātiōnem adferēbat.
But not to give a time for a meeting and not to promise to come brought great despair of peace.
Note. nōn dare … neque … pollicērī: the infinitives are the subject of adferēbat.
BC 1.11.4itaque ab Arīminō M. Antōnium cum cohortibus v Arrētium mittit, ipse Arīminī cum duābus subsistit ibique dīlēctum habēre īnstituit;
So from Ariminum he sends Marcus Antonius with five cohorts to Arretium; he himself stays at Ariminum with two and begins to hold a levy there.
Note. Arrētium (Arezzo) controlled the road to Rome through Etruria. Arīminī: locative.
BC 1.11.4Pisaurum, Fānum, Ancōnam singulīs cohortibus occupat.
He occupies Pisaurum, Fanum and Ancona with one cohort each.
Note. singulīs cohortibus: 'with one cohort each'.
Vocabulary
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| inīquus, -a, -um | uneven; unfair |
| condiciō, -ōnis f. | terms; condition, status |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go out or forth, depart |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| prōvincia, -ae f. | province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| aliēnus, -a, -um | belonging to another, out of place |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| dīlēctus, -ūs m. | levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| polliceor, -licērī, -licitus | promise |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | mark out, fix, set |
| sī, conj. | if |
| peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | carry through, complete |
| cōnsulātus, -ūs m. | consulship |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| mendāx, -ācis | lying; (as noun) a liar |
| religiō, -ōnis f. | religious scruple, religious duty |
| obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictum | bind, put under obligation |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| colloquium (conloquium), -ī n. | conference, talk |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessum | come near, approach; be added |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| pāx, pācis f. | peace |
| dēspērātiō, -ōnis f. | despair, hopelessness |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum | bring, bring to; cause |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| subsistō, -ere, -stitī | halt, make a stand |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| fānum, -ī n. | shrine, sanctuary |
| singulī, -ae, -a | one at a time, single |
| occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātus | seize; fill |