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De Bello Civili 1.11

Unequal terms; Caesar moves south

Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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BC 1.11.1Erat inīqua condiciō postulāre, ut Caesar Arīminō excēderet atque in prōvinciam reverterētur, ipsum et prōvinciās et legiōnēs aliēnās tenēre;

It was an unfair condition to demand that Caesar should leave Ariminum and return to his province, while Pompey himself kept provinces and legions that belonged to others;

Note. Caesar now argues that the terms were unfair. Erat inīqua condiciō postulāre: 'it was an unfair condition to demand'. ipsum: Pompey.

BC 1.11.1exercitum Caesaris velle dīmittī, dīlēctūs habēre;

to want Caesar's army disbanded while holding levies himself;

Note. The infinitives continue the list of unfair demands.

BC 1.11.2pollicērī sē in prōvinciam itūrum neque, ante quem diem itūrus sit, dēfīnīre, ut, sī peractō cōnsulātū Caesaris nōn profectus esset, nūlla tamen mendācī religiōne obstrictus vidērētur;

to promise that he would go to his province, and not to set a day before which he would go, so that if he had not set out when Caesar's consulship was over, he would still not seem bound by any lie on his conscience.

Note. nūllā … mendāci religiōne obstrictus: 'bound by no false oath', i.e. he could stay without technically breaking his word.

BC 1.11.3tempus vērō colloquiō nōn dare neque accessūrum pollicērī magnam pācis dēspērātiōnem adferēbat.

But not to give a time for a meeting and not to promise to come brought great despair of peace.

Note. nōn dare … neque … pollicērī: the infinitives are the subject of adferēbat.

BC 1.11.4itaque ab Arīminō M. Antōnium cum cohortibus v Arrētium mittit, ipse Arīminī cum duābus subsistit ibique dīlēctum habēre īnstituit;

So from Ariminum he sends Marcus Antonius with five cohorts to Arretium; he himself stays at Ariminum with two and begins to hold a levy there.

Note. Arrētium (Arezzo) controlled the road to Rome through Etruria. Arīminī: locative.

BC 1.11.4Pisaurum, Fānum, Ancōnam singulīs cohortibus occupat.

He occupies Pisaurum, Fanum and Ancona with one cohort each.

Note. singulīs cohortibus: 'with one cohort each'.

Vocabulary

sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
volō, velle, voluīwish
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dēfīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusmark out, fix, set
sī, conj.if
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
nōn, adv.not
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
mendāx, -ācislying; (as noun) a liar
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumbind, put under obligation
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
colloquium (conloquium), -ī n.conference, talk
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pāx, pācis f.peace
dēspērātiō, -ōnis f.despair, hopelessness
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cum, prep, with abl.with
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
subsistō, -ere, -stitīhalt, make a stand
ibi, adv.in that place, there
que, enclitic conj.and
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
fānum, -ī n.shrine, sanctuary
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
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Caesar, De Bello Civili I. Latin text: R. du Pontet, C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum pars posterior (Oxford, 1901), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.