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Bellum Alexandrinum 22

Our men's renewed ardour

Hirtius, Bellum Alexandrinum. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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B. Alex. 22.1Hōc dētrīmentō mīlitēs nostrī tantum āfuērunt ut perturbārentur, ut incēnsī atque incitātī magnās accessiōnēs fēcerint in operibus hostium expugnandīs.

Far from being dismayed by this setback, our soldiers were so fired and roused by it that they made great progress in storming the enemy's works.

Note. tantum āfuērunt ut … ut: 'were so far from … that'. fēcerint: perfect subjunctive in a result clause, stressing the fact.

B. Alex. 22.2In proeliīs cōtīdiānīs, quandōcumque fors obtulerat, prōcurrentibus et ērumpentibus Alexandrīnīs, manum… comprehendī multum operibus… et ārdentibus studiīs mīlitum;

In the daily battles, whenever chance offered, when the Alexandrians ran forward and sallied out, … to come to grips … much with the works … and with the burning eagerness of the soldiers;

Note. The text is defective here; the dots mark gaps in Kübler's edition, and the sentence cannot be fully construed.

B. Alex. 22.2nec dīvulgāta Caesaris hortātiō subsequī legiōnum aut labōrem aut pugnandī poterat cupiditātem, ut magis dēterrendī et continendī ā perīculōsissimīs essent dīmicātiōnibus quam incitandī ad pugnandum.

nor could Caesar's widely known exhortation keep pace with the legions' toil or their eagerness to fight, so that they needed to be held back and restrained from the most dangerous engagements more than to be spurred on to fight.

Note. dīvulgāta: 'widely spread', i.e. well known. ut … essent: result; dēterrendī, continendī and incitandī are gerundives agreeing with the soldiers, 'needing to be held back … rather than urged on'.

Vocabulary

hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dētrīmentum, -ī n.loss, harm
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
noster, -tra, -trumour
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, provoke
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
accessiō, -ōnis f.addition, increase; advance, progress
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
opus, operis, n.work, task
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
cottīdiānus, -a, -umdaily
quandōcumque, conj.whenever, as often as
fors, fortis f.chance, luck
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
prōcurrō, -ere, prōcucurrīrun forward, charge
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ērumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptumburst out, sally
Alexandrīnus, -a, -umof Alexandria, Alexandrian (bellum Alexandrīnum: the war Caesar fought at Alexandria, 48-47 BC)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsusseize, catch
multum, -ī, n.much
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dīvulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake public, spread abroad
hortātiō, -ōnis f.encouragement, exhortation
subsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumfollow closely
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
perīculōsus, -a, -umdangerous
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
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Hirtius, Bellum Alexandrinum. Latin text: B. Kübler and E. Wölfflin, C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii, vol. III (Leipzig: Teubner, 1896–97), public domain; transcribed for this app from the Internet Archive scan. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.