| vērum (conj.) | but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| ductor, -ōris m. | leader, guide |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | call back, recall |
| ambō, -ae, -ō | both |
| dēterior, -ius | worse, poorer |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| prōdigus, -a, -um | wasteful, extravagant; as noun, a spendthrift |
| obsum, -esse, -fuī | be against, harm (with dat.) |
| dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give away or up |
| nex, necis f. | death, killing |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| vacuus, -a, -um | empty |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| regnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | reign, rule |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| aula, -ae f. | courtyard; hall, palace |
| alter, -era, -erum | one or the other (of two); another, second |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| macula, -ae f. | spot, blotch, stain |
| aurum, -ī, n. | gold |
| squāleō, -ēre | be rough or stiff; be filthy, unkempt |
| ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsus | be on fire, burn |
| nam, conj. | for |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| genus, generis, n. | kind, nature |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| īnsignis, -e | notable, remarkable |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ōs, ōris, n. | mouth |
| clārus, -a, -um | clear, loud; famous |
| squāma, -ae f. | scale (of a fish or snake; of armour); flake |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| horridus, -a, -um | rough, wild, frightening |
| dēsidia, -ae f. | idleness, sloth |
| lātus, -a, -um | broad, wide |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctus | draw, drag |
| inglōrius, -a, -um | without glory, inglorious, unhonoured |
| alvus, -ī f. | belly, womb; hollow |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| bīnī, -ae, -a | two each, two at a time |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| faciēs, -ēī f. | face; appearance |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| namque, conj. | for |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| horreō, -ēre, horruī | shudder at, dread |
| ceu (adv.) | as, like, just as |
| pulvis, -eris m. | dust |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |
| siccus, -a, -um | dry; (n. as noun) dry land |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| spuō, -ere, spuī, spūtus | spit, spit out |
| viātor, -tōris, m. | wayfarer, traveler |
| āridus, -a, -um | dry; as a noun (āridum, -ī n.): dry land |
| ēlūceō, -ēre, -lūxī | shine out, be conspicuous |
| fulgor, -ōris m. | flash, glare, brightness |
| coruscō, -āre | brandish, shake; flash, glitter |
| pār, paris | equal |
| linō, -ere, lēvī (later līnīvī), litus | smear, spread on |
| gutta, -ae f. | drop; spot, speck |
| potior, -ius (comp. adj.) | better, preferable, more powerful |
| subolēs, -is f. | offspring, a child |
| hinc, adv. | from this place, hence |
| caelum, -ī, n. | heaven, sky |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| dulcis, -e | sweet |
| mel, mellis n. | honey |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressus | press, check, restrain |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| quantum, adv. | how much? how? |
| liquidus, -a, -um | liquid, flowing; clear |
| dūrus, -a, -um | hard; harsh; difficult |
| domō, -āre, -uī, -itus | tame, subdue, master |
| sapor, -ōris m. | taste, flavour |