LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Vergil › Georgics › Georgics 4.191–218

Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.191–218

Bee-life, birth and loyalty to the king

English onlyRead it word by word

Georg. 4.191Nec vērō ā stabulīs pluviā impendente recēdunt
longius aut crēdunt caelō adventantibus Eurīs,
sed circum tūtae sub moenibus urbis aquantur,
excursūsque brevēs temptant et saepe lapillōs,
195ut cumbae īnstabilēs flūctū iactante saburram,
tollunt, hīs sēsē per inānia nūbila lībrant.
Nor indeed, when rain threatens, do they go far from their stalls, or trust the sky when East Winds are approaching, but in safety they fetch water around them beneath the walls of their city, and try short sallies, and often, as unsteady skiffs take on ballast in the tossing waves, they lift little stones, and with these balance themselves through the empty clouds.
Georg. 4.197Illum adeō placuisse apibus mīrābere mōrem,
quod neque concubitū indulgent nec corpora segnēs
in Venerem solvunt aut fētūs nīxibus ēdunt:
200vērum ipsae ē foliīs nātōs, ē suāvibus herbīs
ōre legunt, ipsae rēgem parvōsque Quirītēs
sufficiunt aulāsque et cērea regna refīgunt.
You will marvel that this custom above all has pleased the bees, that they do not indulge in mating, nor idly relax their bodies in love, or bring forth young in birth-pangs: but they themselves gather their children with their mouths from leaves and sweet herbs, they themselves supply a king and little citizens, and rebuild their courts and waxen realms.

Georg. 4.203saepe etiam dūrīs errandō in cōtibus alās
attrīvēre ultrōque animam sub fasce dedēre:
205tantus amor flōrum et generandī glōria mellis.
often too, wandering on hard rocks, they have worn out their wings and freely given up their life under their burden: so great is their love of flowers and their glory in producing honey.
Georg. 4.206Ergō ipsās quamvīs angustī terminus aevī
excipiat, neque enim plūs septima dūcitur aestās,
at genus immortāle manet multōsque per annōs
stat fortūna domus et avī numerantur avōrum.
So, though the limit of a narrow lifespan awaits the bees themselves (for it extends no further than a seventh summer), yet the race remains immortal, and for many years the fortune of the house stands firm, and grandfathers' grandfathers are counted.
Georg. 4.210Praetereā rēgem nōn sīc Aegyptus et ingēns
Lȳdia nec populī Parthōrum aut Mēdus Hydaspēs
observant.
Moreover, not Egypt and mighty Lydia, nor the peoples of the Parthians, nor the Median Hydaspes so revere their king.
Georg. 4.212Rēge incolumī mēns omnibus ūna est;While the king is safe, all have one mind; Georg. 4.213āmissō rūpēre fidem cōnstrūctaque mella
dīripuēre ipsae et crātēs solvere favōrum.
when he is lost, they break faith, and themselves tear apart the honey they have built and break up the lattices of the combs.

Georg. 4.215Ille operum custōs, illum admīrantur et omnēs
circumstant fremitū dēnsō stīpantque frequentēs
et saepe attollunt umerīs et corpora bellō
obiectant pulchramque petunt per vulnera mortem.
He is the guardian of their works; him they revere, and all stand around him with a dense humming and throng him in crowds, and often lift him on their shoulders, and expose their bodies to war, and seek a glorious death through wounds.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (145 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
stabulum, -ī, n.standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure
pluvia, -ae f.rain
impendeō, -ērehang over, overhang
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
longē, adv.far
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
sed, conj.but
circum, prep. with acc.around
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
urbs, urbis, f.city
aquor, -ārī, -ātus sumfetch water
excursus, -ūs m.a running out, charge, sally
que, enclitic conj.and
brevis, -eshort
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
saepe, adv.often, frequently
lapillus, -ī m.pebble, small stone; gem
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cumba (cymba), -ae f.small boat, skiff (esp. Charon's ferry)
īnstabilis, -eunsteady
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
saburra, -ae f.sand used as ballast in a ship
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
inānis, -eempty
nūbila, -ōrum n. pl.clouds, the cloudy sky
lībrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbalance, poise
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
apis, -is f.bee
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
quod, conj.that, in that, because
concubitus, -ūs m.lying together, sexual union, mating
indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī (+ dat.)be kind to, favour
corpus, corporis, n.body
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
fētus, -ūs m.offspring, young; fruit, produce (of plants)
nīxus (nīsus), -ūs m.straining, labour of childbirth
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
folium, -ī n.leaf
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
suāvis, -esweet, pleasant
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
rēx, rēgis, m.king
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
Quirītēs, -ium m. pl.Quirites, the Roman citizens in their civil capacity (used in addressing the people)
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
aula, -ae f.courtyard; hall, palace
cēreus, -a, -umof wax, waxen
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
refīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusunfix, take down; (of laws) repeal
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
cōs, cōtis f.rock, crag
ala, -ae, f.wing
atterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītusrub away, wear down; ruin
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
fascis, -is m.bundle; pl. fascēs: the rods and axe carried before a magistrate
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
amor, -ōris, m.love
flōs, flōris m.flower
generō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeget, produce
glōria, -ae, f.glory
mel, mellis n.honey
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
angustus, -a, -umnarrow, cramped
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
enim, conj.for
plūs (adv.)more
septimus, -a, -umseventh
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
at, conj.but
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
immortālis, -eimmortal
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
annus, -ī, m.year
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
nōn, adv.not
sīc, adv.so, thus
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Mēdus, -ī m.a Mede; (pl.) the Medes, people of Media; (adj.) Median
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
incolumis, -eunhurt, safe
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
omnis, -eall, every
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
cōnstruō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild, construct
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
crātēs, -is f.wickerwork, hurdle
favus, -ī m.honeycomb
opus, operis, n.work, task
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
stīpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscrowd together; surround
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
attollō, -erelift up, raise
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
bellum, -ī, n.war
obiectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow in the way, expose
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
mors, mortīs, f.death
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.