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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 4.116–148

The old gardener of Tarentum

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Georg. 4.116Atque equidem, extrēmō nī iam sub fīne labōrum
vēla traham et terrīs festīnem advertere prōram,
forsitan et, pinguēs hortōs quae cūra colendī
ōrnāret, canerem, biferīque rosāria Paestī,
120quōque modō pōtīs gaudērent intiba rīvīs
et viridēs apiō rīpae, tortusque per herbam
crēsceret in ventrem cucumis;
And indeed, were I not already furling my sails near the very end of my labours and hastening to turn my prow towards land, perhaps I would sing too what careful tillage adorns rich gardens, and the rose-beds of twice-bearing Paestum, and how endive rejoices in the streams it drinks, and banks green with celery, and how the cucumber, twisting through the grass, swells into a belly;
Georg. 4.122nec sēra comantem
narcissum aut flexī tacuissem vīmen acanthī
pallentēsque hederās et amantēs lītora myrtōs.
nor would I have kept silent about the late-flowering narcissus or the stem of the curling acanthus, and pale ivy and myrtle that loves the shore.
Georg. 4.125Namque sub Oebaliae meminī mē turribus arcis,
quā niger ūmectat flāventia culta Galaesus,
Cōrycium vīdisse senem, cui pauca relictī
iūgera rūris erant, nec fertilis illa iuvencīs
nec pecorī opportūna seges nec commoda Bacchō.
For I remember that under the towers of the Oebalian citadel, where dark Galaesus waters the yellowing fields, I saw an old Corycian who had a few acres of abandoned land, and that soil was neither fertile for bullocks nor suited to the flock nor favourable to Bacchus.

Georg. 4.130Hīc rārum tamen in dūmīs olus albaque circum
līlia verbēnāsque premēns vescumque papāver
rēgum aequābat opēs animīs sērāque revertēns
nocte domum dapibus mēnsās onerābat inēmptīs.
Yet here, planting sparse vegetables among the brambles, and white lilies around them, and vervain and slender poppy, he matched the wealth of kings in spirit, and returning home late at night he would load his table with unbought feasts.
Georg. 4.134Prīmus vērē rosam atque autumnō carpere pōma,
135et cum trīstis hiems etiamnum frīgore saxa
rumperet et glaciē cursūs frēnāret aquārum,
ille comam mollis iam tondēbat hyacinthī
aestātem increpitāns sēram Zephyrōsque morantēs.
He was the first to pick the rose in spring and fruit in autumn, and when gloomy winter was still splitting rocks with cold and curbing the course of the waters with ice, he was already cutting the bloom of the soft hyacinth, chiding the late summer and the lingering West Winds.
Georg. 4.139Ergō apibus fētīs īdem atque exāmine multō
140prīmus abundāre et spūmantia cōgere pressīs
mella favīs;
So he too was the first to abound in breeding bees and a great swarm, and to collect the foaming honey from the pressed combs;
Georg. 4.141illī tiliae atque ūberrima pīnus,
quotque in flōre novō pōmīs sē fertilis arbōs
induerat, totidem autumnō mātūra tenēbat.
he had limes and the richest pine, and as many fruits as the fertile tree had clothed itself with in its fresh blossom, so many it kept ripe in autumn.

Georg. 4.144Ille etiam sērās in versum distulit ulmōs
145ēdūramque pirum et spīnōs iam prūna ferentēs
iamque ministrantem platanum pōtantibus umbrās.
He also planted out in rows elms well grown, and the hardy pear, and blackthorns already bearing plums, and the plane already giving shade to drinkers.
Georg. 4.147Vērum haec ipse equidem spatiīs exclūsus inīquīs
praetereō atque aliīs post mē memoranda relinquō.
But these things I myself, shut out by the narrow limits of space, pass by, and leave for others after me to tell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (173 words)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
iam, adv.now, already
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
vēlum, -ī n.sail
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhurry, make haste
advertō, -ere, advertī, adversumturn toward (animum advertere: notice)
prōra, -ae, f.prow, bow
forsitan (adv.)perhaps
pinguis, -efat
hortus, -ī, m.garden
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
bifer, -fera, -ferumbearing twice a year
que, enclitic conj.and
rosārium, -ī n.a rose garden, rose bed
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
pōtō, -āre, -āvī, pōtusdrink, drink heavily
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
intibum, -ī n.endive, chicory
rīvus, -ī m.stream, brook
viridis, -egreen
apium, -ī n.celery or parsley, used for garlands
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortusturn
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
venter, ventris, m.belly
cucumis, -eris m.cucumber
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
sērus, -a, -umlate
comāns, -antishairy; plumed (of a helmet)
narcissus, -ī m.narcissus, daffodil
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
vīmen, -minis, n.osier
acanthus, -ī m.acanthus, a plant with curling leaves used as a decorative pattern
palleō, -ēre, -uībe pale
hedera, -ae f.ivy
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
myrtus, -ī (-ūs) f.myrtle (sacred to Venus)
namque, conj.for
Oebalius, -a, -umSpartan; Sabine (the Sabines claiming Spartan descent)
meminī, meminisseremember
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
turris, -is f.tower; siege tower
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
quā, adv.in which place, where
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
ūmectō, -ārewet, moisten
flāveō, -ērebe yellow, be golden
Cōrycius, -a, -umof Corycus in Cilicia; Corycian
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
senex, senis, m.old man
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
iūgerum, -ī n.a measure of land (about 2/3 acre)
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
fertilis, -efertile, fruitful
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
iuvencus, -ī m.young bull, bullock
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
seges, -etis f.field of grain, standing crop
commodus, -a, -umconvenient, suitable
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
dūmus, -ī m.thornbush, thicket
olus (holus), -eris n.vegetable, garden plant, herb
albus, -a, -umwhite
circum, prep. with acc.around
līlium, -ī n.lily; in Caesar a pit with a sharpened stake, a 'lily'
verbēna, -ae f.a sacred bough or sprig (of olive, myrtle, etc.) used in rituals
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
vescus, -a, -umsmall, thin, feeble
papāver, -eris n.poppy
rēx, rēgis, m.king
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
nox, noctis, f.night
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
daps, dapis f.sacrificial feast, banquet
mēnsa, -ae f.table
onerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusload, burden
inēmptus, -a, -umnot bought, home-grown; unbought
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
vērē (adv.)truly, really
rosa, -ae f.rose
autumnus, -ī m.autumn
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
pōmum, -ī, n.fruit, apple
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
hiems, hiemis f.winter
etiamnum (adv.)even now, still, even then
frīgus, -oris n.cold
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
glaciēs, -ēī f.ice
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
frēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbridle, restrain
aqua, -ae, f.water
coma, -ae f.hair, a head of hair; foliage
mollis, -esoft, weak
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
hyacinthus, -ī m.hyacinth, a dark flower (perhaps iris or larkspur)
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
increpitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtaunt, reproach
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
apis, -is f.bee
fētus, -a, -umpregnant; filled, teeming (with)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
exāmen, -inis n.swarm; tongue of a balance, hence the balance itself
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumoverflow; have plenty of, abound in (+ abl.)
spūmō, -āre, -āvīfoam, froth
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
mel, mellis n.honey
favus, -ī m.honeycomb
tilia, -ae f.linden tree, lime tree
ūber, -eris n.teat, breast
pīnus, -ūs or -ī f.pine tree; (poetic) a ship
quot (indecl.)how many
flōs, flōris m.flower
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
arbor, -oris, f.tree
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
totidem (indecl.)just as many
mātūrus, -a, -umripe
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
versus, -ūs m.line (of writing), verse
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
ulmus, -ī f.elm
ēdūrus, -a, -umvery hard
pirus, -ī f.pear tree
spīnus, -ī f.blackthorn, sloe
prūnum, -ī n.plum
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
platanus, -ī f.plane tree
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.