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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 3.525–566

The plague spreads to all creatures

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Georg. 3.525Quid labor aut benefacta iuvant?What use is his labour, or his services? Georg. 3.525Quid vōmere terrās
invertisse gravīs?
What use to have turned the heavy soil with the ploughshare?
Georg. 3.526Atquī nōn Massica Bacchī
mūnera, nōn illīs epulae nocuēre repostae:
frondibus et vīctū pāscuntur simplicis herbae,
pōcula sunt fontēs liquidī atque exercita cursū
530flūmina, nec somnōs abrumpit cūra salūbrīs.
And yet no Massic gifts of Bacchus, no feasts served again and again have harmed them: they feed on leaves and the fare of simple grass, their cups are clear springs and rivers exercised in running, and no care breaks their healthy sleep.
Georg. 3.531Tempore nōn aliō dīcunt regiōnibus illīs
quaesītās ad sacra bovēs Iūnōnis et ūrīs
imparibus ductōs alta ad dōnāria currūs.
At no other time, they say, were cows sought in vain in those regions for the rites of Juno, and the chariots drawn to her lofty shrines by ill-matched wild oxen.
Georg. 3.534Ergō aegrē rāstrīs terram rīmantur et ipsīs
535unguibus īnfodiunt frūgēs montīsque per altōs
contentā cervīce trahunt strīdentia plaustra.
So men scratch the earth laboriously with rakes, and dig in the seed with their very nails, and over the high mountains, with straining neck, drag the creaking wagons.

Georg. 3.537Nōn lupus īnsidiās explōrat ovīlia circum
nec gregibus nocturnus obambulat;
The wolf does not spy out ambushes around the sheepfolds, nor prowl at night about the flocks;
Georg. 3.538ācrior illum
cūra domat;
a sharper care subdues him;
Georg. 3.539timidī dammae cervīque fugācēs
540nunc interque canēs et circum tēcta vagantur.
timid does and fleeing stags now wander among the dogs and round the houses.
Georg. 3.541Iam maris immēnsī prōlem et genus omne natantum
lītore in extrēmō, ceu naufraga corpora, flūctus
prōluit;
Now the wave washes the brood of the boundless sea and every race of swimming things on the edge of the shore, like shipwrecked bodies;
Georg. 3.543īnsolitae fugiunt in flūmina phōcae.seals, against their custom, flee into rivers. Georg. 3.544Interit et curvīs frūstrā dēfēnsa latebrīs
545vīpera et attonitī squāmīs adstantibus hydrī.
The viper too perishes, defended in vain by her winding lair, and the water-snakes, astonished, their scales on end.
Georg. 3.546Ipsīs est āēr avibus nōn aequus et illae
praecipitēs altā vītam sub nūbe relinquunt.
To the very birds the air is unkind, and they fall headlong and leave their lives beneath the high cloud.
Georg. 3.548Praetereā iam nec mūtārī pābula rēfert
artēs nocent quaesītaeque;
Moreover, it is now of no avail to change pastures; the remedies sought do harm;
Georg. 3.549cessēre magistrī
550Phillyridēs Chīrōn Amythāoniusque Melampūs.
the masters gave way, Chiron, son of Phillyra, and Melampus, son of Amythaon.

Georg. 3.551Saevit et in lūcem Stygiīs ēmissa tenebrīs
pallida Tīsiphonē Morbōs agit ante Metumque,
inque diēs avidum surgēns caput altius effert:
Bālātū pecorum et crēbrīs mūgītibus amnēs
555ārentēsque sonant rīpae collēsque supīnī:
Iamque catervātim dat strāgem atque aggerat ipsīs
in stabulīs turpī dīlāpsa cadāvera tābō
dōnec humō tegere ac foveīs abscondere discunt.
Pale Tisiphone, let out into the light from the darkness of Styx, rages, drives Diseases and Fear before her, and, rising day by day, lifts her greedy head higher: the rivers and parched banks and sloping hills resound with the bleating of flocks and constant lowing: and now she deals death in droves, and in the very stalls heaps up corpses rotting with foul putrefaction, until men learn to cover them with earth and bury them in pits.
Georg. 3.559Nam neque erat coriīs ūsus nec viscera quisquam
560aut undīs abolēre potest aut vincere flammā;
For neither was there any use for the hides, nor could anyone cleanse the flesh with water or overcome it with fire;
Georg. 3.561nē tondēre quidem morbō inluviēque perēsa
vellera nec tēlās possunt attingere putrīs;
they cannot even shear the fleeces eaten away with disease and filth, nor touch the rotten webs;
Georg. 3.563vērum etiam invīsōs sī quis temptārat amictūs,
ārdentēs papulae atque immundus olentia sūdor
565membra sequēbātur nec longō deinde morantī
tempore contāctōs artūs sacer ignis ēdēbat.
but indeed, if anyone had tried on the loathsome garments, burning blisters and a foul sweat ran over his stinking limbs, and before long the accursed fire was devouring his infected limbs.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (210 words)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
benefactum, -ī n.good deed, kindness
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
vōmer, -eris m.ploughshare
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
invertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusturn upside down, upturn; reverse, invert
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
nōn, adv.not
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
epulae, -ārum f. pl.feast, banquet
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
repōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set back; store up or away
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
simplex, -icissimple, unmixed, pure
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
pōculum, -ī, n.cup
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
liquidus, -a, -umliquid, flowing; clear
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
flūmen, -minis, n.river
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
salūber (salūbris), -bris, -brehealthy, wholesome, beneficial
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
ūrus, -ī m.aurochs, wild ox
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
dōnārium, -ī n.temple treasury; a votive offering
currus, -ūs, m.chariot, car
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
rāstrum, -ī n. (pl. often rāstrī, -ōrum m.)rake, mattock, hoe
rīmor, -ārī, -ātus sumprobe, search into
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
unguis, -is m.fingernail, nail; claw
īnfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusdig in, bury
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
mōns, montis, m.mountain
que, enclitic conj.and
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
strīdeō, -ēre, strīdīgrate, gnash; strīdēre dentibus: grind the teeth
plaustrum (plōstrum), -ī n.wagon, cart
lupus, -ī m.wolf
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
ovīle, -is n.sheepfold
circum, prep. with acc.around
grex, gregis m.flock, herd; band, gang
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
obambulō, -āre, -āvīwalk about, prowl around
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
damma (dāma), -ae f.deer, doe, fallow deer
cervus, -ī, m.stag
fugāx, -ācisfleeing, swift; shy
nunc, adv.now
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
iam, adv.now, already
mare, maris, n.sea
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
prōlēs, -is f.offspring, children
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
omnis, -eall, every
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
ceu (adv.)as, like, just as
naufragus, -ī m.shipwrecked man; ruined man
corpus, corporis, n.body
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
prōluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash; drench oneself
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
phōca, -ae f.seal (the sea animal)
intereō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusperish, die
curvus, -a, -umcurved, bent
frūstrā, adv.in vain
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
latebra, -ae f.hiding place, lair
vīpera, -ae f.viper, snake
attonitus, -a, -umthunderstruck, astonished
squāma, -ae f.scale (of a fish or snake; of armour); flake
adstō, -stāre, -stitīstand at or near
hydrus, -ī m.water-snake
āēr, āeris, m.air
avis, -is, f.bird
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
vīta, -ae, f.life
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
nūbēs, -is, f.cloud
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
pābulum, -ī, n.food, fodder
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
ars, artis, f.art
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
magister, -trī, m.master
Amythāonius, -a, -umson of Amythaon (of the seer Melampus)
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
lūx, lūcis, f.light
Stygius, -a, -umof the Styx, Stygian; of the underworld
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
pallidus, -a, -umpale, pallid
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
caput, capitis, n.head
altē (adv.)high; deep
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
bālātus, -ūs m.bleating
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
mūgītus, -ūs, m.lowing, bellowing
amnis, -is m.river
āreō, -ēre, āruībe dry; wither
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
collis, -is m.hill
supīnus, -a, -umlying on the back; (of hands) palms up, in prayer
catervātim, adv.in troops, in crowds, in bands
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
strāgēs, -is f.slaughter, carnage; heap of fallen bodies
aggerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusheap up, pile up; increase
stabulum, -ī, n.standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure
turpis, -edisgraceful
dīlābor, -lābī, -lāpsus sumslip away, melt away, scatter
cadāver, -eris, n.dead body, corpse, carcass
tābum, -ī n.gore, putrid blood; plague
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
fovea, -ae f.pit, pitfall
abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditushide, conceal
discō, discere, didicīlearn
nam, conj.for
corium, -ī, n.hide, leather
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
viscus, -eris n. (usu. pl. viscera)inner organs, vitals; the heart, the core
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
unda, -ae, f.wave
aboleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -itumdestroy, wipe out (the memory of)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
flamma, -ae, f.flame
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsumshear, clip
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
inluviēs, -ēī, f.dirt, filth
peredō, -ere, -ēdī, -ēsuseat away, consume
vellus, velleris, n.fleece
tēla, -ae f.web; the warp on a loom; woven cloth
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
puter, putris, putrerotten, decaying; crumbling, loose (soil)
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
amictus, -ūs m.cloak, wrap, garment
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
papula, -ae f.pimple, pustule
immundus, -a, -umunclean, impure
oleō, -ēre, -uīsmell, give off a smell
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
deinde, adv.then, next
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
ignis, -is, m.fire
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.