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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 3.478–524

The Noric cattle plague

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Georg. 3.478Hīc quondam morbō caelī miseranda coorta est
tempestās tōtōque autumnī incanduit aestū
480et genus omne necī pecudum dedit, omne ferārum,
corrūpitque lacūs, īnfēcit pābula tābō.
Here once, from a sickness of the air, a pitiable season arose, and blazed with all the heat of autumn, and gave every race of cattle and every race of wild beasts to death, and polluted the lakes and tainted the pastures with corruption.
Georg. 3.482Nec via mortis erat simplex, sed ubi ignea vēnīs
omnibus ācta sitis miserōs addūxerat artūs,
rūrsus abundābat fluidus līquor omniaque in sē
485ossa minūtātim morbō collapsa trahēbat.
Nor was the way of death simple, but when fiery thirst, driven through all the veins, had shrivelled the wretched limbs, again a fluid liquid overflowed and drew into itself all the bones, collapsing piecemeal with the disease.
Georg. 3.486Saepe in honōre deum mediō stāns hostia ad āram
lānea dum niveā circumdatur īnfula vittā,
inter cūnctantīs cecidit moribunda ministrōs.
Often in the midst of the gods' worship, a victim standing at the altar, while the woollen fillet with its snowy band was being wound about it, fell dying among the hesitating attendants.

Georg. 3.489Aut sī quam ferrō mactāverat ante sacerdōs
490inde neque impositīs ārdent altāria fībrīs
nec respōnsa potest cōnsultus reddere vātēs,
ac vix suppositī tinguntur sanguine cultrī
summaque iēiūnā saniē īnfuscātur harēna.
Or if the priest had slain any beforehand with the steel, the altars do not blaze when the entrails are laid on them, nor can the seer, when consulted, give replies, and the knives placed beneath are scarcely stained with blood, and the surface of the sand is darkened only with thin gore.
Georg. 3.494Hinc laetīs vitulī volgō moriuntur in herbīs
495et dulcīs animās plēna ad praesēpia reddunt;
Hence calves die everywhere in the glad pastures, and give up their sweet lives at full mangers;
Georg. 3.496hinc canibus blandīs rabiēs venit et quatit aegrōs
tussis anhēla suēs ac faucibus angit obēsīs.
hence madness comes to fawning dogs, and a gasping cough shakes the sick swine and chokes them with swollen throats.
Georg. 3.498Lābitur īnfēlīx studiōrum atque immemor herbae
victor equus fontisque āvertitur et pede terram
500crēbra ferit;
The victorious horse sinks down, unhappy, forgetful of his pursuits and of the grass, and turns from springs and strikes the ground repeatedly with his hoof;
Georg. 3.500dēmissae aurēs, incertus ibīdem
sūdor et ille quidem moritūrīs frīgidus, āret
pellis et ad tāctum trāctantī dūra resistit.
his ears droop, a fitful sweat breaks out there, cold indeed in those about to die; the hide is dry and stiff, and resists the touch of the handler.

Georg. 3.503Haec ante exitium prīmīs dant signa diēbus;These signs they give in the first days before death; Georg. 3.504sīn in prōcessū coepit crūdēscere morbus,
505tum vērō ārdentēs oculī atque attractus ab altō
spīritus, interdum gemitū gravis, īmaque longō
īlia singultū tendunt, it nāribus āter
sanguis et obsessās faucēs premit aspera lingua.
but if in its progress the disease has begun to grow fierce, then indeed the eyes are burning and the breath is drawn from deep within, sometimes heavy with a groan, and they strain their lowest flanks with long sobbing; black blood runs from the nostrils, and the rough tongue presses on the blocked throat.
Georg. 3.509Prōfuit īnsertō laticēs īnfundere cornū
510Lēnaeōs;
It helped to pour in draughts of Lenaean wine through an inserted horn;
Georg. 3.510ea vīsa salūs morientibus ūna;this seemed the only salvation for the dying; Georg. 3.511mox erat hoc ipsum exitiō, furiīsque refectī
ārdēbant ipsīque suōs iam morte sub aegrā,
dī meliōra piīs errōremque hostibus illum,
discissōs nūdīs laniābant dentibus artūs.
soon this very thing was their ruin, and, restored only to frenzy, they burned, and themselves, at the onset of failing death — may the gods grant better things to the righteous, and that madness to our enemies! — tore at their own mangled limbs with bared teeth.

Georg. 3.515Ecce autem dūrō fūmāns sub vōmere taurus
concidit et mīxtum spūmīs vomit ōre cruōrem
extrēmōsque ciet gemitūs.
But look, the bull, steaming under the heavy ploughshare, falls, and vomits from his mouth blood mixed with foam, and utters his last groans.
Georg. 3.517It trīstis arātor
maerentem abiungēns frāternā morte iuvencum,
atque opere in mediō dēfīxa relinquit arātra.
The sad ploughman goes, unyoking the bullock that grieves at its brother's death, and leaves the plough stuck fast in the middle of the work.
Georg. 3.520Nōn umbrae altōrum nemorum, nōn mollia possunt
prāta movēre animum, nōn quī per saxa volūtus
pūrior ēlectrō campum petit amnis;
No shades of lofty groves, no soft meadows can stir his spirit, no stream that, rolling over rocks, purer than amber, seeks the plain;
Georg. 3.522at īma
solvuntur latera atque oculōs stupor urguet inertīs
ad terramque fluit dēvexō pondere cervīx.
but his flanks give way below, a stupor weighs on his dull eyes, and his neck sinks to the ground with drooping weight.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (248 words)
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
miseror, -ārī, -ātus sumlament, pity
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
que, enclitic conj.and
autumnus, -ī m.autumn
incandēscō, -ere, -canduībecome hot, glow, blaze up
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
omnis, -eall, every
nex, necis f.death, killing
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
īnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusstain, dye
pābulum, -ī, n.food, fodder
tābum, -ī n.gore, putrid blood; plague
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
via, -ae, f.road, way
mors, mortīs, f.death
simplex, -icissimple, unmixed, pure
sed, conj.but
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
igneus, -a, -umof fire, fiery, burning
vēna, -ae f.vein
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sitis, -is f.thirst
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
rūrsus, adv.again
abundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumoverflow; have plenty of, abound in (+ abl.)
fluidus, -a, -umflowing, liquid; slack, soft
liquor, -ōris m.liquid, water
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
minūtātim, adv.bit by bit, little by little, a few at a time
collābor (conlābor), -lābī, -lapsus sumfall together, collapse, faint
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
saepe, adv.often, frequently
honor, -ōris, m.honor
deus, -ī, m.god
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
hostia, -ae f.sacrificial victim
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
āra, -ae, f.altar
lāneus, -a, -umwoollen, of wool
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
niveus, -a, -umsnowy, snow-white
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
īnfula, -ae f.a priest's woollen headband, fillet
vitta, -ae f.headband, ribbon
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
moribundus, -a, -umdying, at the point of death
minister, -trī m.servant, attendant, helper
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
mactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussacrifice; slaughter; punish
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
sacerdōs, -dōtis, m. and f.priest, priestess
inde (adv.)from there; then
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
altāria, -ium n. pl.altar
fībra, -ae f.fibre; (pl.) entrails
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
suppōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or put under
tingō, tingere, tinxī, tinctuswet, soak, dye
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
culter, cultrī, m.knife
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iēiūnus, -a, -umfasting, hungry
saniēs, -ēī f.blood and gore, venom
īnfuscō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdarken, stain, discolour
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
vitulus, -ī m.bull calf, young bullock; (Vulgate) the golden calf
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
morior, morī, mortuusdie
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
dulcis, -esweet
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
plēnus, -a, -umfull
praesaepe, -is n.stall, enclosure; (of bees) hive
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
blandus, -a, -umcoaxing, caressing, charming
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
tussis, -is f.cough
anhēlus, -a, -umpanting, out of breath
sūs, suis m./f.pig, boar
faucēs, -ium f. pl.throat; narrow pass, gorge
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
obēsus, -a, -umfat, plump; swollen
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj.unhappy, unfortunate
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
immemor (inm-), -orisforgetful, unmindful
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
equus, -ī, m.horse
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
pēs, pedis, m.foot
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
feriō, -īrestrike, hit
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
auris, -is, f.ear
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
ibīdem (adv.)in the same place, just there
sūdor, -ōris m.sweat; toil
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
āreō, -ēre, āruībe dry; wither
pellis, -is, f.hide, skin, pelt
tāctus, -ūs m.touch
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
dūrus, -a, -umhard; harsh; difficult
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
exitium, -ī n.destruction, ruin
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
sīn (conj.)but if
prōcessus, -ūs m.advance, progress, success
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
crūdēscō, -ere, -duīgrow fierce, grow violent
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
oculus, -ī, m.eye
attrahō (adtrahō), -ere, -trāxī, -tractusdraw towards, drag along; attract
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
altum, -ī n.the deep, the open sea; a height
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
interdum (adv.)sometimes
gemitus, -ūs m.groan, sigh
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
īlia, -ium n. pl.the groin, the flanks; the inner parts of the belly
singultus, -ūs m.sob; hiccup
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
nāris, -is f.nostril; (pl.) nose
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
īnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertumput in, insert
latex, -icis m.liquid; (often) wine
īnfundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour in or upon
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
Lēnaeus, -a, -umof Lenaeus (Bacchus); Lēnaeus honor: an offering of wine
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
mox, adv.soon
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iam, adv.now, already
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
bonus, -a, -umgood
pius, -a, -umdutiful, devoted, pious
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
discindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissuscut in two, split apart
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
laniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
dēns, dentis, m.tooth
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
fūmō, -āresmoke, give off smoke
vōmer, -eris m.ploughshare
taurus, -ī, m.bull
concidō, -ere, concidīfall down, collapse
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
spūma, -ae f.foam
vomō, -ere, -uī, -itusvomit, spew out, pour forth
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citusset in motion, stir up; pugnam ciēre: start the fight
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
arātor, -ōris m.ploughman
maereō, -ēregrieve, be sad
abiungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusunyoke; detach, cut off
frāternus, -a, -umof a brother, brotherly
iuvencus, -ī m.young bull, bullock
opus, operis, n.work, task
dēfīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxusdrive in, fix firmly
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
arātrum, -ī n.plough
nōn, adv.not
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
mollis, -esoft, weak
prātum, -ī n.meadow
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
pūrus, -a, -umclean, pure; (of land) clear, unbuilt
ēlectrum, -ī n.amber; electrum, alloy of gold and silver
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
amnis, -is m.river
at, conj.but
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
latus, lateris n.side, flank
stupor, -ōris m.astonishment, amazement
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
fluō, -ere, flūxīflow
dēvexus, -a, -umsloping downward, steep
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.