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Vergil · Georgics

Georgics 1.466–514

Portents after Caesar's death

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Georg. 1.466Ille etiam exstīnctō miserātus Caesare Rōmam,
cum caput obscūrā nitidum ferrūgine tēxit
inpiāque aeternam timuērunt saecula noctem.
He too pitied Rome when Caesar was dead, when he veiled his shining head in dusky gloom and an impious age feared eternal night.
Georg. 1.469Tempore quamquam illō tellūs quoque et aequora pontī
470obscēnaeque canēs inportūnaeque volucrēs
signa dabant.
Though at that time the earth too and the levels of the sea, and ill-omened dogs and boding birds gave signs.
Georg. 1.471Quotiēns Cyclōpum effervere in agrōs
vīdimus undantem ruptīs fornācibus Aetnam
flammārumque globōs liquefactaque volvere saxa!
How often we saw Etna boil out over the fields of the Cyclopes, surging from her burst furnaces, and roll balls of flame and molten rocks!
Georg. 1.474Armōrum sonitum tōtō Germānia caelō
475audiit, īnsolitīs tremuērunt mōtibus Alpēs.
Germany heard the clash of arms through all the sky; the Alps trembled with unwonted quakes.
Georg. 1.476Vōx quoque per lūcōs volgō exaudīta silentīs
ingēns et simulācra modīs pallentia mīrīs
vīsa sub obscūrum noctis, pecudēsque locūtae,
īnfandum!
A voice too was heard everywhere through the silent groves, a mighty voice, and phantoms strangely pale were seen in the dusk of night, and cattle spoke, unspeakable horror!

Georg. 1.479sistunt amnēs terraeque dēhīscunt
480et maestum inlacrimat templīs ebur aeraque sūdant.
rivers stand still and the earth gapes open, and in the temples the ivory weeps in sorrow and the bronzes sweat.
Georg. 1.481Prōluit īnsānō contorquēns vertice silvās
fluviōrum rēx Ēridanus campōsque per omnīs
cum stabulīs armenta tulit.
Eridanus, king of rivers, whirling forests in his mad eddy, swept them away, and carried off herds with their stalls over all the plains.
Georg. 1.483Nec tempore eōdem
trīstibus aut extīs fībrae adpārēre minācēs
485aut puteīs mānāre cruor cessāvit et altae
per noctem resonāre lupīs ululantibus urbēs.
Nor at that same time did threatening fibres cease to appear in grim entrails, or blood to flow from wells, and lofty cities to echo through the night with howling wolves.
Georg. 1.487Nōn aliās caelō cecidērunt plūra serēnō
fulgura nec dīrī totiēns ārsēre comētae.
Never at other times did more lightning fall from a cloudless sky, nor dread comets blaze so often.
Georg. 1.489ergō inter sēsē paribus concurrere tēlīs
490Rōmānās aciēs iterum vīdēre Philippī;
Therefore Philippi saw Roman battle-lines clash with one another a second time with matched weapons;
Georg. 1.491nec fuit indignum superīs, bis sanguine nostrō
Ēmathiam et lātōs Haemī pinguēscere campōs.
nor did the gods think it unworthy that Emathia and the broad plains of Haemus should twice be fattened with our blood.

Georg. 1.493Scīlicet et tempus veniet, cum fīnibus illīs
agricola incurvō terram mōlītus arātrō
495exēsa inveniet scabrā rōbīgine pīla
aut gravibus rāstrīs galeās pulsābit inānīs
grandiaque effossīs mīrābitur ossa sepulchrīs.
Surely the time will come too when in those lands the farmer, working the earth with his curved plough, will find javelins eaten with rough rust, or strike empty helmets with his heavy hoe, and marvel at huge bones in the graves he has dug up.
Georg. 1.498Dī patriī, Indigetēs, et Rōmule Vestaque māter,
quae Tuscum Tiberim et Rōmāna Palātia servās,
500hunc saltem ēversō iuvenem succurrere saeclō
nē prohibēte!
Gods of our fathers, native gods, and Romulus and mother Vesta, who guard Tuscan Tiber and the Roman Palatine, do not at least prevent this young man from rescuing a world turned upside down!
Georg. 1.501Satis iam prīdem sanguine nostrō
Lāomedontēae luimus periūria Troiae;
Long enough already have we paid with our blood for the perjuries of Laomedon's Troy;
Georg. 1.503iam prīdem nōbīs caelī tē rēgia, Caesar,
invidet atque hominum queritur cūrāre triumphōs;
long already has heaven's palace begrudged you to us, Caesar, and complained that you care for the triumphs of men;
Georg. 1.505quippe ubi fās versum atque nefās: tot bella per orbem,
tam multae scelerum faciēs;
for here right and wrong are inverted: so many wars throughout the world, so many shapes of crime;
Georg. 1.506nōn ūllus arātrō
dignus honōs, squālent abductīs arva colōnīs
et curvae rigidum falcēs cōnflantur in ēnsem.
no fitting honour for the plough, the fields lie foul with their tillers led away, and the curved sickles are forged into the unbending sword.

Georg. 1.509Hinc movet Euphrātēs, illinc Germānia bellum;Here the Euphrates, there Germany stirs up war; Georg. 1.510vīcīnae ruptīs inter sē lēgibus urbēs
arma ferunt;
neighbouring cities break the laws between them and take up arms;
Georg. 1.511saevit tōtō Mārs inpius orbe;impious Mars rages through the whole world; Georg. 1.512ut cum carceribus sēsē effūdēre quadrīgae,
addunt in spatia et frūstrā retinācula tendēns
fertur equīs aurīga neque audit currūs habēnās.
as when chariots have poured out from the starting-gates, they gather speed lap by lap, and the charioteer, vainly pulling at the reins, is carried along by his horses, and the chariot does not heed the reins.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (224 words)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
miseror, -ārī, -ātus sumlament, pity
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
caput, capitis, n.head
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
ferrūgō, -inis f.rust; dark purple, dusky colour
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
impius, -a, -umwicked, impious
que, enclitic conj.and
aeternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
saeculum, -ī n.generation, age; century
nox, noctis, f.night
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quamquam, conj.however much, although
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
quoque, adv.also
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
obscēnus, -a, -umill-omened, foul, loathsome
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
importūnus, -a, -umruthless, savage, troublesome
volucris, -is, f.bird
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
effervō, -ereboil up, boil over; swarm out
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
undō, -āre, -āvīsurge, billow, rise in waves
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
fornāx, -ācis f.furnace, kiln, oven
flamma, -ae, f.flame
globus, -ī m.ball; band, group of people
liquefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusmelt
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
sonitus, -ūs, m.sound, noise
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
tremō, -ere, -uītremble, shake
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
lūcus, -ī m.sacred grove
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
exaudiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumhear (from a distance)
sileō, -ēre, -uībe silent; pass over in silence
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
simulācrum, -ī n.image, statue
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
palleō, -ēre, -uībe pale
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
īnfandus, -a, -umunspeakable, monstrous
sistō, -ere, stitī, statusstop, halt; set up
amnis, -is m.river
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
dēhīscō, -ere, -hīvīsplit open, gape
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
illacrimō (inlacrimō), -āre, -āvīweep (over), shed tears
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
ebur, -oris n.ivory; anything made of ivory (here a sword sheath)
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
sūdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussweat, perspire; ooze, exude; toil
prōluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash; drench oneself
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
contorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortuswhirl, hurl with force
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
rēx, rēgis, m.king
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
omnis, -eall, every
cum, prep, with abl.with
stabulum, -ī, n.standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
exta, -ōrum n. pl.entrails (heart, liver, lungs) of a sacrificed animal
fībra, -ae f.fibre; (pl.) entrails
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
mināx, -ācisthreatening
puteus, -ī m.well
mānō, -āre, -āvīflow, trickle; spread
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
resonō, -āre, -āvīresound, echo
lupus, -ī m.wolf
ululō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushowl, wail
urbs, urbis, f.city
nōn, adv.not
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
serēnus, -a, -umclear, calm, fair
fulgur, -uris n.lightning, flash of lightning
dīrus, -a, -umdreadful
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
comētēs, -ae m.a comet
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
pār, parisequal
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
iterum, adv.again, a second time
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
bis (adv.)twice
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
noster, -tra, -trumour
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
pinguēscō, -eregrow fat; become fertile
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
agricola, -ae m.farmer, tiller of the soil
incurvus, -a, -umbent, curved, crooked
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
arātrum, -ī n.plough
exedō, -ēsse, -ēdī, -ēsuseat away, consume; exēsus: hollowed out, porous
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
scaber, -bra, -brumrough, scaly; scabby, mangy
rōbīgō (rūbīgō), -inis f.rust; blight; (figuratively) corrupting taint
pīlum, -ī n.javelin (the Roman heavy spear)
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
rāstrum, -ī n. (pl. often rāstrī, -ōrum m.)rake, mattock, hoe
galea, -ae, f.helmet
pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspush or strike against, knock, knock at
inānis, -eempty
grandis, -elarge, big
effodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusdig out; gouge out
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
sepulcrum, -ī n.tomb, grave
deus, -ī, m.god
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
indiges, -etisnative, of the land (title of local deified heroes: Iuppiter Indiges)
māter, mātris, f.mother
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
saltem (adv.)at least
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
succurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun to help, aid
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
iam, adv.now, already
prīdem (adv.)long ago; iam prīdem: long since
Lāomedontēus, -a, -umof Laomedon, the Trojan king who cheated the gods; hence 'faithless, Trojan'
luō, -ere, luīpay; atone for, expiate
periūrium, -ī n.perjury, a false oath
nōsplur. of ego
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
rēgia, -ae, f.palace
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
homō, hominis, m.man
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
tot (indecl.)so many
bellum, -ī, n.war
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
tam, adv.so
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
ūllus, -a, -umany
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
honor, -ōris, m.honor
squāleō, -ērebe rough or stiff; be filthy, unkempt
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
curvus, -a, -umcurved, bent
rigidus, -a, -umstiff, hard, unbending
falx, falcis, f.sickle; curved sword, falchion
cōnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow up, kindle; bring together, scrape together; stir up (hatred)
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
illinc, adv.from there, on that side
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
lēx, lēgis f.law
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
carcer, -eris, m.prison
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
quadrīga, -ae f. (usu. pl. quadrīgae)a team of four horses; a four-horse chariot
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
frūstrā, adv.in vain
retināculum, -ī n.rope, cable, mooring-line
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
equus, -ī, m.horse
aurīga, -ae m.charioteer, driver
currus, -ūs, m.chariot, car
habēna, -ae f.rein
Vergil, Georgics. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.