Lectitō › Vergil › Aeneid, Book 2
Aeneid 2.250–267
Night: the Greeks return
Vergil, Aeneid II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōAen. 2.250Vertitur intereā caelum et ruit ōceanō nox,
involvēns umbrā magnā terramque polumque
Myrmidonumque dolōs;
Meanwhile the sky turns, and night rushes up from Ocean, wrapping in its great shadow earth and sky and the tricks of the Myrmidons;
Note. Vertitur … caelum: the sky was imagined as a revolving sphere; as it turns, night rises 'from Ocean' in the east. Myrmidonum … dolōs: 'the tricks of the Myrmidons', i.e. of the Greeks.
Aen. 2.252fūsī per moenia Teucrī
conticuēre, sopor fessōs complectitur artūs:
et iam Argīva phalanx īnstrūctīs nāvibus ībat
255ā Tenedō tacitae per amīca silentia lūnae
lītora nōta petēns, flammās cum rēgia puppis
extulerat, fātīsque deum dēfēnsus inīquīs
inclūsōs uterō Danaōs et pīnea fūrtim
laxat claustra Sinōn.
the Trojans, scattered along the walls, fell silent; sleep enfolds their weary limbs: and now the Argive fleet in its ordered ships was setting out from Tenedos through the friendly silence of the quiet moon, making for the familiar shore, when the royal ship had raised the fire signal; and Sinon, protected by the unjust fates of the gods, secretly lets out the Greeks shut in the belly and opens the pine bolts.
Note. fūsī: 'scattered, sprawled'. Argīva phalanx: 'the Argive host'. tacitae per amīca silentia lūnae: a famous line, 'through the friendly silences of the quiet moon'. flammās cum rēgia puppis extulerat: 'when the royal ship had raised the fire signal', an inverted cum clause carrying the main event. dēfēnsus: 'protected'. laxat claustra: 'loosens the bolts'.
Aen. 2.259Illōs patefactus ad aurās
260reddit equus, laetīque cavō sē rōbore prōmunt
Thessandrus Sthenelusque ducēs, et dīrus Ulixēs,
dēmissum lāpsī per fūnem, Acamāsque, Thoāsque,
Pēlīdēsque Neoptolemus, prīmusque Machāōn,
et Menelāus, et ipse dolī fabricātor Epēos.
The horse, opened up, returns them to the air, and they come out gladly from the hollow timber: the leaders Thessandrus and Sthenelus and dread Ulysses, sliding down the lowered rope, and Acamas and Thoas and Neoptolemus son of Peleus' line, and Machaon first, and Menelaus, and Epeos himself, the maker of the trick.
Note. Illōs … reddit: 'gives them back'. A catalogue of heroes: Pēlīdēs Neoptolemus is Achilles' son; Epēos built the horse. The -que … -que linking is epic in style.
Aen. 2.265Invādunt urbem somnō vīnōque sepultam;
They burst into a city buried in sleep and wine;
Note. somnō vīnōque sepultam: 'buried in sleep and wine', a vivid metaphor.
Aen. 2.266caeduntur vigilēs, portīsque patentibus omnīs
accipiunt sociōs atque agmina cōnscia iungunt.
the sentries are cut down, and through the open gates they let in all their comrades and join the bands that share the plot.
Note. patentibus: 'open', present participle of pateō. agmina cōnscia: 'the bands that share the plot'.
Vocabulary
| vertō, vertere, vertī, versus | turn |
| intereā, adv. | in the meantime, meanwhile |
| caelum, -ī, n. | heaven, sky |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrus | rush |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| involvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus | roll up, wrap, envelop |
| umbra, -ae, f. | shadow, shade |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| polus, -ī m. | pole; the sky, the heavens |
| dolus, -ī, m. | trick, craft |
| fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsum | pour; rout, scatter (an enemy) |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| moenia, -ium, n. plur. | walls |
| conticēscō, -ere, -ticuī | fall silent |
| sopor, -ōris m. | deep sleep |
| fessus, -a, -um | exhausted, worn out, weary |
| complector, -plectī, -plexus | embrace |
| artūs, -uum m. pl. | joints; limbs, body |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| Argīvus, -a, -um | Argive, of Argos; Greek |
| phalanx, -angis f. | phalanx, close battle formation |
| īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctus | build in or into; draw up; equip, furnish, |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| tacitus, -a, -um | silent |
| amīcus, -a, -um | friendly, kindly disposed |
| silentium, -ī n. | silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly |
| lūna, -ae f. | moon |
| lītus, lītoris, n. | shore |
| nōtus, -a, -um | known, well-known, famous |
| petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus | seek, ask; attack |
| flamma, -ae, f. | flame |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| rēgius, -a, -um | royal, kingly |
| puppis, -is f. | stern of a ship |
| efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātum | carry out, bring out |
| fātum, -ī, n. | destiny, fate |
| deus, -ī, m. | god |
| dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus | ward off; defend |
| inīquus, -a, -um | uneven; unfair |
| inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsus | shut up in, inclose, imprison |
| uterus, -ī m. | belly, womb |
| pīneus, -a, -um | of pine |
| fūrtim (adv.) | stealthily, secretly |
| laxō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | loosen, open out |
| claustrum, -ī n. | bar, bolt; barrier, enclosure |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factus | throw, or lay open, open |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| aura, -ae, f. | air, breeze |
| reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give back, return, restore; render |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| laetus, -a, -um | glad, joyful |
| cavus, -a, -um | hollow |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| rōbur, rōboris, n. | oak |
| prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptus | take or bring out, produce |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| dīrus, -a, -um | dreadful |
| dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage |
| lābor, lābī, lapsus | slip, glide, fall |
| fūnis, -is m. | rope, cable |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| fabricātor, -ōris m. | maker, builder, contriver |
| invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus | go into, attack, seize; come upon |
| urbs, urbis, f. | city |
| somnus, -ī, m. | sleep, drowsiness |
| vīnum, -ī, n. | wine |
| sepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultus | bury |
| caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum | cut, cut down; kill |
| vigil, -is m. | watchman, sentry |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| pateō, -ēre, -uī | lie open; extend, stretch |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| cōnscius, -a, -um | aware, conscious (of) |
| iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctus | join; yoke, harness |