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Aeneid 2.250–267

Night: the Greeks return

Vergil, Aeneid II. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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Aen. 2.250Vertitur intereā caelum et ruit ōceanō nox,
involvēns umbrā magnā terramque polumque
Myrmidonumque dolōs;

Meanwhile the sky turns, and night rushes up from Ocean, wrapping in its great shadow earth and sky and the tricks of the Myrmidons;

Note. Vertitur … caelum: the sky was imagined as a revolving sphere; as it turns, night rises 'from Ocean' in the east. Myrmidonum … dolōs: 'the tricks of the Myrmidons', i.e. of the Greeks.

Aen. 2.252fūsī per moenia Teucrī
conticuēre, sopor fessōs complectitur artūs:
et iam Argīva phalanx īnstrūctīs nāvibus ībat
255ā Tenedō tacitae per amīca silentia lūnae
lītora nōta petēns, flammās cum rēgia puppis
extulerat, fātīsque deum dēfēnsus inīquīs
inclūsōs uterō Danaōs et pīnea fūrtim
laxat claustra Sinōn.

the Trojans, scattered along the walls, fell silent; sleep enfolds their weary limbs: and now the Argive fleet in its ordered ships was setting out from Tenedos through the friendly silence of the quiet moon, making for the familiar shore, when the royal ship had raised the fire signal; and Sinon, protected by the unjust fates of the gods, secretly lets out the Greeks shut in the belly and opens the pine bolts.

Note. fūsī: 'scattered, sprawled'. Argīva phalanx: 'the Argive host'. tacitae per amīca silentia lūnae: a famous line, 'through the friendly silences of the quiet moon'. flammās cum rēgia puppis extulerat: 'when the royal ship had raised the fire signal', an inverted cum clause carrying the main event. dēfēnsus: 'protected'. laxat claustra: 'loosens the bolts'.

Aen. 2.259Illōs patefactus ad aurās
260reddit equus, laetīque cavō sē rōbore prōmunt
Thessandrus Sthenelusque ducēs, et dīrus Ulixēs,
dēmissum lāpsī per fūnem, Acamāsque, Thoāsque,
Pēlīdēsque Neoptolemus, prīmusque Machāōn,
et Menelāus, et ipse dolī fabricātor Epēos.

The horse, opened up, returns them to the air, and they come out gladly from the hollow timber: the leaders Thessandrus and Sthenelus and dread Ulysses, sliding down the lowered rope, and Acamas and Thoas and Neoptolemus son of Peleus' line, and Machaon first, and Menelaus, and Epeos himself, the maker of the trick.

Note. Illōs … reddit: 'gives them back'. A catalogue of heroes: Pēlīdēs Neoptolemus is Achilles' son; Epēos built the horse. The -que … -que linking is epic in style.

Aen. 2.265Invādunt urbem somnō vīnōque sepultam;

They burst into a city buried in sleep and wine;

Note. somnō vīnōque sepultam: 'buried in sleep and wine', a vivid metaphor.

Aen. 2.266caeduntur vigilēs, portīsque patentibus omnīs
accipiunt sociōs atque agmina cōnscia iungunt.

the sentries are cut down, and through the open gates they let in all their comrades and join the bands that share the plot.

Note. patentibus: 'open', present participle of pateō. agmina cōnscia: 'the bands that share the plot'.

Vocabulary

vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
nox, noctis, f.night
involvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll up, wrap, envelop
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
que, enclitic conj.and
polus, -ī m.pole; the sky, the heavens
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
conticēscō, -ere, -ticuīfall silent
sopor, -ōris m.deep sleep
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
complector, -plectī, -plexusembrace
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
iam, adv.now, already
Argīvus, -a, -umArgive, of Argos; Greek
phalanx, -angis f.phalanx, close battle formation
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
nāvis, -is, f.ship
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
amīcus, -a, -umfriendly, kindly disposed
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
lūna, -ae f.moon
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
flamma, -ae, f.flame
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
deus, -ī, m.god
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
inīquus, -a, -umuneven; unfair
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut up in, inclose, imprison
uterus, -ī m.belly, womb
pīneus, -a, -umof pine
fūrtim (adv.)stealthily, secretly
laxō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumloosen, open out
claustrum, -ī n.bar, bolt; barrier, enclosure
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
equus, -ī, m.horse
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
cavus, -a, -umhollow
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptustake or bring out, produce
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
dīrus, -a, -umdreadful
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
fūnis, -is m.rope, cable
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
fabricātor, -ōris m.maker, builder, contriver
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
urbs, urbis, f.city
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
sepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultusbury
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
vigil, -is m.watchman, sentry
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
omnis, -eall, every
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
cōnscius, -a, -umaware, conscious (of)
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
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Vergil, Aeneid II. Latin text: J. B. Greenough (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.