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Vergil · Aeneid XI

Aeneid 11.618–647

The cavalry fight sways to and fro

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Aen. 11.618Extemplō turbātae aciēs, versīque Latīnī
rēiciunt parmās et equōs ad moenia vertunt.
At once the ranks are thrown into confusion, and the Latins, turning, sling their shields behind them and wheel their horses towards the walls.
Aen. 11.620Trōēs agunt, prīnceps turmās indūcit Asīlās.The Trojans drive them on; Asilas, foremost, leads in the squadrons. Aen. 11.621Iamque propinquābant portīs, rūrsusque Latīnī
clamōrem tollunt et mollia colla reflectunt:
hī fugiunt penitusque datīs referuntur habēnīs.
And now they were nearing the gates, and once more the Latins raise a shout and turn back their horses' supple necks: these flee and are carried far back with reins let loose.
Aen. 11.624Quālis ubi alternō prōcurrēns gurgite pontus
625nunc ruit ad terram scopulīs que superiacit undam
spūmeus extrēmam que sinū, perfundit arēnam
nunc rapidus retrō atque aestū revolūta resorbēns
saxa fugit lītus que: vadō lābente relinquit
bis Tuscī Rutulōs ēgēre, ad moenia versōs
630bis rēiectī armīs.respectanttergategentēs
As when the sea, surging on with alternating flood, now rushes towards the land and, foaming, flings its wave over the rocks and drenches the furthest sand with its curve, now swiftly flees backwards, sucking back the stones rolled up by the surge, and leaves the shore as the shallows ebb: twice the Tuscans drove the Rutulians, turned, to the walls; twice, thrown back, they look behind them, covering their backs with their shields.

Aen. 11.631Tertia sed postquam congressī in proelia tōtās
implicuēre inter sē aciēs legitque virum vir:
tum vērō et gemitus morientum et sanguine in altō
armaque corporaque et permixtī caede virōrum
635sēmianimēs volvuntur equī, pugna aspera surgit.
But when they met in a third clash and locked whole battle-lines together, and man picked out man, then indeed the groans of the dying, and arms and bodies in deep blood, and half-dead horses mingled with the slaughter of men roll over, and a fierce fight arises.
Aen. 11.636Orsilochus Remulī, quandō ipsum horrēbat adīre,
hastam intorsit equō ferrumque sub aure relīquit.
Orsilochus, since he shrank from approaching Remulus himself, hurled his spear at his horse and left the iron beneath its ear.
Aen. 11.638Quō sonipēs ictū furit arduus altaque iactat
vulneris impatiēns arrēctō pectore crūra:
640volvitur ille excussus humī.
At the blow the charger rears in fury and, maddened by the wound, chest raised, flings its legs high: Remulus is thrown and rolls on the ground.
Aen. 11.640Catillus Iollān
ingentemque animīs, ingentem corpore et armīs
dēicit Herminium, nūdō cui vertice fulva
caesariēs nūdīque umerī, nec vulnera terrent:
tantus in arma patet.
Catillus brings down Iollas, and Herminius, huge in spirit, huge in body and arms, whose head was bare with its tawny hair, and his shoulders bare, nor do wounds frighten him: so wide he lies open to arms.

Aen. 11.644Lātōs huic hasta per armōs
645ācta tremit duplicatque virum trānsfīxa dolōre.
Driven through his broad shoulders the spear quivers, and transfixing the man doubles him up with pain.
Aen. 11.646Funditur āter ubīque cruor;Everywhere black blood pours out; Aen. 11.646dant fūnera ferrō
certantēs pulchramque petunt per vulnera mortem.
contending, they deal death with the sword and seek a glorious death through wounds.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (140 words)
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
que, enclitic conj.and
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
parma, -ae f.small round shield
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
equus, -ī, m.horse
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
turma, -ae f.troop, squadron of cavalry
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
iam, adv.now, already
propinquō, -āre, -āvīdraw near, approach
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
rūrsus, adv.again
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
mollis, -esoft, weak
collum, -ī, n.neck
reflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexusbend back, turn back
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
penitus (adv.)deep within, far inside
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
habēna, -ae f.rein
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
alternus, -a, -umone after the other, alternating
prōcurrō, -ere, prōcucurrīrun forward, charge
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
nunc, adv.now
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
scopulus, -ī m.rock, crag, reef
superiaciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow over, fling over; overtop
unda, -ae, f.wave
spūmeus, -a, -umfoaming
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
sinus, -ūs, m.bosom, lap
perfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, drench; fill (with a feeling)
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
rapidus, -a, -umswift; consuming, fierce
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
revolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll back, roll away
resorbeō, -ēresuck back, draw back in
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
vadum, -ī n.ford, shallow place
lābor, lābī, lapsusslip, glide, fall
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
bis (adv.)twice
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
respectō, -ārelook back at; regard, care for
tergum, -ī, n.back
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
tertius, -a, -umthird
sed, conj.but
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
implicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentangle, entwine; involve
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
vir, virī, m.man
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
gemitus, -ūs m.groan, sigh
morior, morī, mortuusdie
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
corpus, corporis, n.body
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
sēmianimis, -ehalf-alive, dying
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
hasta, -ae f.spear
intorqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortushurl, twist into
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
auris, -is, f.ear
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sonipēs, -pedis m.horse ('sounding-foot')
īctus, -ūs, m.blow
furō, -ererage, rave, be mad
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
impatiēns (inp-), -entisunable to bear, impatient (of: gen.)
arrigō (adrigō), -ere, -rēxī, -rēctusset upright; rouse, excite
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
crūs, crūris, n.leg
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
fulvus, -a, -umtawny, yellow-brown
caesariēs, -ēī f.hair, a head of hair
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
armus, -ī m.shoulder; (of a horse) flank, side
tremō, -ere, -uītremble, shake
duplicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdouble
trānsfīgō, -fīgere, -fīxī, -fīxusthrust or pierce through, transfix
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
ubīque (adv.)everywhere
cruor, -ōris m.blood (shed), gore
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
mors, mortīs, f.death
Vergil, Aeneid XI. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.