LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Vergil › Aeneid, Book 10 › Aeneid 10.439–478

Vergil · Aeneid X

Aeneid 10.439–478

Turnus confronts Pallas

English onlyRead it word by word

Aen. 10.439Intereā soror alma monet succēdere Lausō
440Turnum, quī volucrī currū medium secat agmen.
Meanwhile his kindly sister warns Turnus to take Lausus' place, and he cuts through the middle of the column in his swift chariot.
Aen. 10.441Ut vīdit sociōs: Tempus dēsistere pugnae;When he saw his comrades: 'It is time to leave off fighting; Aen. 10.442sōlus ego in Pallanta feror, sōlī mihi Pallās
dēbētur;
I alone advance against Pallas; to me alone Pallas is owed;
Aen. 10.443cuperem ipse parēns spectātor adesset.I wish his father himself were here to watch.' Aen. 10.444Haec ait, et sociī cessērunt aequore iussō.So he speaks, and his comrades withdrew from the field as ordered. Aen. 10.445At Rutulum abscessū iuvenis tum iussa superba
mīrātus stupet in Turnō corpusque per ingēns
lūmina volvit obitque trucī procul omnia vīsū
tālibus et dictīs it contrā dicta tyrannī:
Aut spoliīs ego iam raptīs laudābor opīmīs
450aut lētō īnsignī: sortī pater aequus utrīque est.
But then the young man, at the Rutulians' withdrawal, marvelling at the proud command, stands amazed at Turnus, rolls his eyes over that huge body and surveys it all from afar with a fierce look, and with such words goes to meet the words of the tyrant: 'Either I shall be praised now for seizing the richest spoils, or for a glorious death: my father is equal to either lot.

Aen. 10.451Tolle minās.Away with your threats.' Aen. 10.451Fātus medium prōcēdit in aequor.Having spoken, he advances into the middle of the field. Aen. 10.452Frīgidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis.The blood runs cold and gathers in the Arcadians' hearts. Aen. 10.453Dēsiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat īre
comminus;
Turnus leapt down from his chariot, and makes ready to go on foot, hand to hand;
Aen. 10.454utque leō, speculā cum vīdit ab altā
455stāre procul campīs meditantem in proelia taurum,
advolat: haud alia est Turnī venientis imāgō.
and as a lion, when from a high lookout he has seen a bull standing far off in the plains, intent on battle, flies at him: no different is the look of Turnus as he comes.
Aen. 10.457Hunc ubi contiguum missae fore crēdidit hastae,
īre prior Pallās, Sīqua fors adiuvet ausum
vīribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fātur:
460Per patris hospitium et mēnsās, quās advena adīstī,
tē precor, Alcīdē, coeptīs ingentibus adsīs.
When Pallas believed Turnus would be within reach of a thrown spear, he went first, in case chance might help one who dared with unequal strength, and so speaks to the great sky: 'By my father's hospitality and the table to which you came as a stranger, I beg you, Alcides, stand by my great attempt.

Aen. 10.462Cernat sēminecī sibi mē rapere arma cruenta
victōremque ferant morientia lūmina Turnī.
Let him see me tearing the bloody arms from his half-dead body, and let the dying eyes of Turnus endure me as victor.'
Aen. 10.464Audiit Alcīdēs iuvenem magnumque sub īmō
465corde premit gemitum lacrimāsque effundit inānīs.
Alcides heard the young man, and pressed down a great groan deep in his heart, and shed vain tears.
Aen. 10.466Tum Genitor nātum dictīs adfātur amīcīs:
Stat sua cuique diēs, breve et inreparābile tempus
omnibus est vītae: sed fāmam extendere factīs,
hoc virtūtis opus.
Then the Father addresses his son with kindly words: 'Each has his day fixed; brief and irreparable is the span of life for all; but to extend fame by deeds, that is the work of courage.
Aen. 10.469Troiae sub moenibus altīs
470tot nātī cecidēre deum;
Under the high walls of Troy so many sons of gods fell;
Aen. 10.470quīn occīdit ūnā
Sarpēdōn, mea prōgeniēs.
indeed, among them fell Sarpedon, my own offspring.
Aen. 10.471Etiam sua Turnum
fāta vocant, mētāsque datī pervēnit ad aevī.
Turnus too is called by his fates, and he has reached the limits of the life given him.'
Aen. 10.473Sīc ait atque oculōs Rutulōrum rēicit arvīs.So he speaks, and turns his eyes away from the Rutulian fields.

Aen. 10.474At Pallās magnīs ēmittit vīribus hastam
475vāgīnāque cavā fulgentem dēripit ēnsem.
But Pallas hurls his spear with great strength and snatches his flashing sword from its hollow sheath.
Aen. 10.476Illa volāns umerī surgunt quā tegmina summa
incidit atque viam clipeī mōlīta per ōrās
tandem etiam magnō strinxit dē corpore Turnī.
The spear flies and strikes where the top of the shoulder-covering rises, and forcing a way through the rim of the shield, at last even grazed the great body of Turnus.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (196 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
soror, -ōris, f.sister
almus, -a, -umnourishing, kindly
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
volucer, -cris, -crewinged, swift
currus, -ūs, m.chariot, car
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
dēsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusset down; leave off, desist, cease, stop
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
sōlus, -a, -umalone
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
spectātor, -ōris, m.looker-on, spectator
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
at, conj.but
abscessus, -ūs m.withdrawal, departure, going away
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
tum, adv.then, at that time
iussum, -ī, n.order, command
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
stupeō, -ēre, -uībe stunned, astounded, or amazed
corpus, corporis, n.body
que, enclitic conj.and
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
lūmen, -minis, n.light
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
trux, trucissavage, fierce, grim
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
omnis, -eall, every
vīsus, -ūs, m.sight
tālis, -esuch
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
iam, adv.now, already
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
opīmus, -a, -umrich; spolia opīma: the spoils taken by a commander who killed the enemy commander
lētum, -ī n.death
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
sors, sortis, f.lot
pater, patris, m.father
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
for, fārī, fātus sumspeak, say
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
coeō, -īre, -iī, -itumcome together, assemble
praecordia, -ōrum n. pl.breast, chest, vitals
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
dēsiliō, -silīre, -siluī, -sultusleap down
biiugis, -eyoked two together; (of horses) drawing a two-horse chariot
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
apparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, get ready
comminus (adv.)hand to hand, at close quarters
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
specula, -ae f.lookout, watchtower, height
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
meditor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink over, plan; practise, train for
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
taurus, -ī, m.bull
advolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfly at, rush at
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
contiguus, -a, -umadjoining, touching, next-door
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
hasta, -ae f.spear
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
sī quis, sī qua, sī quidif anyone, if any (sī + the indefinite quis)
fors, fortis f.chance, luck
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
mēnsa, -ae f.table
advena, -ae m.newcomer, stranger, foreigner
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
precor, -ārī, -ātus sumpray, beg
coeptum, -ī n.undertaking, a thing begun
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
sēminex, -necishalf-dead
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
morior, morī, mortuusdie
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
cor, cordis n.heart
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
gemitus, -ūs m.groan, sigh
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
inānis, -eempty
genitor, -ōris m.father
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
adfor (affor), -fārī, -fātus sumspeak to, address
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
brevis, -eshort
irreparābilis (inreparābilis), -ethat cannot be recovered, irretrievable
vīta, -ae, f.life
sed, conj.but
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
factum, -ī n.deed, act
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
opus, operis, n.work, task
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
tot (indecl.)so many
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
deus, -ī, m.god
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
ūnātogether, along
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
mēta, -ae f.turning-post; goal, end point
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
sīc, adv.so, thus
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
vāgīna, -ae f.sheath, scabbard
cavus, -a, -umhollow
fulgeō, -ēre, fulsīflash, shine, glitter
dēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch away, tear off, pull down
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
volō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrusfly
umerus, -ī, m.shoulder
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
quā, adv.in which place, where
tegmen (tegimen), -inis n.covering, cover; protection
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
via, -ae, f.road, way
clipeus, -ī m. (also clipeum, -ī n.)round bronze shield
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
Vergil, Aeneid X. Latin text: J. B. Greenough, The Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Virgil (Boston, 1881), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.