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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.95

Vitellius as chief pontiff

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Hist. 2.95.1Apud cīvitātem cūncta interpretantem fūnestī ōminis locō acceptum est quod maximum pontificātum adeptus Vitellius dē caerimōniīs pūblicīs xv kalendās Augustās ēdīxisset, antīquitus īnfaustō diē Cremerēnsī Alliēnsīque clādibus: adeō omnis hūmānī dīvīnīque iūris expers, parī lībertōrum amīcōrum sōcordiā, velut inter tēmulentōs agēbat.In a city that interprets everything, it was taken as a deadly omen that Vitellius, having obtained the office of chief pontiff, had issued an edict about public ceremonies on the eighteenth of July, a day ill-omened from ancient times for the disasters of the Cremera and the Allia: so ignorant was he of all law human and divine, and, with his freedmen and friends equally careless, he behaved as if among drunkards. Hist. 2.95.1Sed comitia cōnsulum cum candidātīs cīvīliter celebrāns omnem īnfimae plēbis rūmōrem in theātrō ut spectātor, in circō ut fautor adfectāvit: quae grāta sānē et populāria, sī ā virtūtibus proficīscerentur, memoriā vītae priōris indecōra et vīlia accipiēbantur.But in holding the consular elections together with the candidates, like an ordinary citizen, he courted every breath of favour from the lowest of the common people, in the theatre as a spectator, in the circus as a supporter: things that would certainly have been welcome and popular if they had sprung from virtues, but which, in the memory of his former life, were taken as unbecoming and cheap.

Hist. 2.95.1Ventitābat in senātum, etiam cum parvīs dē rēbus patrēs cōnsulerentur.He came frequently to the senate, even when the fathers were being consulted on small matters. Hist. 2.95.1Ac forte Prīscus Helvidius praetor dēsignātus contrā studium eius cēnsuerat.And it happened that Helvidius Priscus, praetor-elect, had voted against his wishes. Hist. 2.95.1Commōtus prīmō Vitellius, nōn tamen ultrā quam tribūnōs plēbis in auxilium sprētae potestātis advocāvit;Vitellius was disturbed at first, yet went no further than calling on the tribunes of the plebs to support his slighted authority; Hist. 2.95.1mox mītigantibus amīcīs, quī altiōrem īrācundiam eius verēbantur, nihil novī accidisse respondit quod duo senātōrēs in rē pūblicā dissentīrent;soon, when his friends, who feared his deeper anger, were soothing him, he replied that nothing new had happened in two senators disagreeing on public affairs; Hist. 2.95.1solitum sē etiam Thraseae contrā dīcere.he himself, he said, had often spoken against even Thrasea. Hist. 2.95.1Inrīsēre plērīque impudentiam aemulātiōnis;Most laughed at the impudence of the comparison; Hist. 2.95.1aliīs id ipsum placēbat quod nēminem ex praepotentibus, sed Thraseam ad exemplar vērae glōriae lēgisset.others were pleased by the very fact that he had chosen none of the all-powerful, but Thrasea, as his model of true glory.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (129 words)
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sumexplain, interpret
fūnestus, -a, -umdeadly, fatal; bringing death and mourning
ōmen, ōminis n.omen, sign; hīsce ōminibus: with these words of ill omen
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quod, conj.that, in that, because
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pontificātus, -ūs m.the office of pontifex; here the post of chief priest (pontifex maximus)
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
caerimōnia, -ae f.sacred rite, ceremony
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
Kalendae, -ārum f. pl.the Kalends (1st day of the month)
Augustus, -a, -umof Augustus; imperial (postēs Augustī: the doorposts of Augustus' house)
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
antīquitus (adv.)long ago, from ancient times
īnfaustus, -a, -umill-omened, unlucky
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
Cremerēnsis, -eof the Cremera; clades Cremerensis: the defeat of the Fabii (477 BC)
Alliēnsis, -eof the Allia; dies Alliensis: day of the defeat by the Gauls (390 BC)
que, enclitic conj.and
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
omnis, -eall, every
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
dīvīnus, -a, -umdivine, of the gods
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
expers, -pertishaving no share in, without (+ gen. or abl.)
pār, parisequal
lībertus, -ī m.freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master)
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
veluteven or just as, as
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
tēmulentus, -a, -umdrunk, tipsy
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sed, conj.but
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
cum, prep, with abl.with
candidātus, -ī m.candidate for office
cīvīliter (adv.)as a citizen, without pomp; civilly, courteously
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
īnfimus, -a, -umlowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
theātrum, -ī n.theatre
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
spectātor, -ōris, m.looker-on, spectator
circus, -ī m.circle; racecourse, circus (Circus Maximus)
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusaim at, strive for, aspire to
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
sī, conj.if
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
memoria, -ae, f.memory
vīta, -ae, f.life
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
indecōrus, -a, -umunbecoming, shameful, disgraceful
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
ventitō, -āre, -āvīcome often, keep coming
senātus, -ūs m.senate
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pater, patris, m.father
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
dēsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpoint out, refer to
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
prīmō, adv.at first
nōn, adv.not
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
mox, adv.soon
mītigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussoften, calm, soothe
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
īrācundia, -ae f.anger, hot temper
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
dissentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsusdisagree, differ
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
inrīdeō, -rīdēre, -rīsī, -rīsuslaugh at, mock
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
impudentia, -ae f.shamelessness, effrontery
aemulātiō, -ōnis f.rivalry, the effort to equal someone
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
praepotēns, -entisvery powerful
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exemplar, -āris n.model, pattern, example; copy, likeness
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
glōria, -ae, f.glory
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.