| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| cūnctus, -a, -um | all, the whole |
| interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sum | explain, interpret |
| fūnestus, -a, -um | deadly, fatal; bringing death and mourning |
| ōmen, ōminis n. | omen, sign; hīsce ōminibus: with these words of ill omen |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| pontificātus, -ūs m. | the office of pontifex; here the post of chief priest (pontifex maximus) |
| adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sum | obtain, win, gain |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| caerimōnia, -ae f. | sacred rite, ceremony |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| Kalendae, -ārum f. pl. | the Kalends (1st day of the month) |
| Augustus, -a, -um | of Augustus; imperial (postēs Augustī: the doorposts of Augustus' house) |
| ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictus | declare, proclaim, appoint |
| antīquitus (adv.) | long ago, from ancient times |
| īnfaustus, -a, -um | ill-omened, unlucky |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| Cremerēnsis, -e | of the Cremera; clades Cremerensis: the defeat of the Fabii (477 BC) |
| Alliēnsis, -e | of the Allia; dies Alliensis: day of the defeat by the Gauls (390 BC) |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| clādēs, -is f. | disaster, defeat, destruction |
| adeō (adv.) | so far, to such a degree; so |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| hūmānus, -a, -um | of man, human |
| dīvīnus, -a, -um | divine, of the gods |
| iūs, iūris, n. | right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath |
| expers, -pertis | having no share in, without (+ gen. or abl.) |
| pār, paris | equal |
| lībertus, -ī m. | freedman (a former slave, in relation to his former master) |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| sōcordia, -ae f. | sluggishness, negligence |
| velut | even or just as, as |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| tēmulentus, -a, -um | drunk, tipsy |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| sed, conj. | but |
| comitia, -ōrum n. pl. | the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| candidātus, -ī m. | candidate for office |
| cīvīliter (adv.) | as a citizen, without pomp; civilly, courteously |
| celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | throng; keep (a festival), celebrate |
| īnfimus, -a, -um | lowest (īnfimus collis: the foot of the hill) |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| rūmor, -ōris m. | rumour, report |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| theātrum, -ī n. | theatre |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| spectātor, -ōris, m. | looker-on, spectator |
| circus, -ī m. | circle; racecourse, circus (Circus Maximus) |
| fautor, -ōris m. | supporter, patron |
| adfectō (affectō), -āre, -āvī, -ātus | aim at, strive for, aspire to |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| grātus, -a, -um | pleasing, grateful |
| sānē, adv. | certainly, by all means; very |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| populāris, -e | of the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician) |
| sī, conj. | if |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| virtūs, -tūtis, f. | manliness, courage, bravery |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| memoria, -ae, f. | memory |
| vīta, -ae, f. | life |
| prior, prius | earlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front) |
| indecōrus, -a, -um | unbecoming, shameful, disgraceful |
| vīlis, -e | cheap, worthless |
| ventitō, -āre, -āvī | come often, keep coming |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| parvus, -a, -um | little, small |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tus | consult |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| forte, adv. | by chance, accidentally |
| praetor, -ōris m. | praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers) |
| dēsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | point out, refer to |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| studium, -ī, n. | eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus | think, believe, consider |
| commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtus | move, rouse; disturb |
| prīmō, adv. | at first |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| ultrā (prep. + acc.) | beyond |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētus | despise, scorn |
| potestās, -ātis f. | power, authority |
| advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | call, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly) |
| mox, adv. | soon |
| mītigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | soften, calm, soothe |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| īrācundia, -ae f. | anger, hot temper |
| vereor, -ērī, -itus | fear |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| accidō, -cidere, -cidī | fall to or upon; befall, happen |
| respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsus | reply, answer |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| senātor, -ōris m. | senator, elder |
| dissentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsus | disagree, differ |
| soleō, -ēre, solitus sum | be accustomed, usually do |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| inrīdeō, -rīdēre, -rīsī, -rīsus | laugh at, mock |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| impudentia, -ae f. | shamelessness, effrontery |
| aemulātiō, -ōnis f. | rivalry, the effort to equal someone |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.) | please (placuit eī: he decided) |
| nēmō, nēminis, m. and f. | no one, nobody |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| praepotēns, -entis | very powerful |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| exemplar, -āris n. | model, pattern, example; copy, likeness |
| vērus, -a, -um | true; rē vērā, in truth, in fact |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus | choose, pick out; read |