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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.80

Mucianus urges Vespasian to act

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Hist. 2.80.1Hīs pavōribus nūtantem et aliī lēgātī amīcīque firmābant et Mūciānus, post multōs sēcrētōsque sermōnēs iam et cōram ita locūtus: "omnēs, quī magnārum rērum cōnsilia suscipiunt, aestimāre dēbent an quod inchoātur reī pūblicae ūtile, ipsīs glōriōsum, promptum effectū aut certē nōn arduum sit;As he wavered in these fears, both other legates and friends sought to strengthen him, and so did Mucianus, who, after many secret conversations, now spoke to his face as follows: 'All who undertake plans for great affairs ought to judge whether what is being begun is useful to the state, glorious for themselves, and easy to accomplish, or at least not difficult; Hist. 2.80.1simul ipse quī suādet cōnsīderandus est, adiciatne cōnsiliō perīculum suum, et, sī fortūna coeptīs adfuerit, cui summum decus adquīrātur.at the same time the man who gives the advice must himself be considered, whether he adds his own danger to his advice, and, if fortune favours the undertaking, on whom the highest glory is conferred. Hist. 2.80.1Ego tē, Vespasiāne, ad imperium vocō, quam salūtāre reī pūblicae, quam tibi magnificum, iūxtā deōs in tuā manū positum est.I call you, Vespasian, to empire, something as salutary for the state as it is magnificent for you, and, next to the gods, placed in your own hands.

Hist. 2.80.1Nec speciem adūlantis expāverīs: ā contumēliā quam ā laude propius fuerit post Vitellium ēligī.And do not fear the appearance of a flatterer: to be chosen after Vitellius would be closer to an insult than to praise. Hist. 2.80.1Nōn adversus dīvī Augustī ācerrimam mentem nec adversus cautissimam Tiberiī senectūtem, nē contrā Gāī quidem aut Claudiī vel Nerōnis fundātam longō imperiō domum exurgimus;We are not rising up against the most acute mind of the deified Augustus, nor against the most cautious old age of Tiberius, nor even against the house of Gaius or Claudius or Nero, founded on a long rule; Hist. 2.80.1cessistī etiam Galbae imāginibus: torpēre ultrā et polluendam perdendamque rem pūblicam relinquere sopor et ignāvia vidērētur, etiam sī tibi quam inhonesta, tam tūta servitūs esset.you gave way even to Galba's ancestral images: to remain inactive any longer and leave the state to be defiled and ruined would seem sloth and cowardice, even if servitude were as safe for you as it is dishonourable. Hist. 2.80.1Abiit iam et trānsvectum est tempus quō possēs vidērī nōn cupīsse: cōnfugiendum est ad imperium.The time has now gone by and passed when you could seem not to have desired it: you must take refuge in empire.

Hist. 2.80.1An excidit trucīdātus Corbulō?Have you forgotten the murder of Corbulo? Hist. 2.80.1Splendidior orīgine quam nōs sumus, fateor, sed et Nerō nōbilitāte nātālium Vitellium anteībat.He was more distinguished in origin than we are, I admit, but Nero too surpassed Vitellius in nobility of birth. Hist. 2.80.1Satis clārus est apud timentem quisquis timētur.Whoever is feared is illustrious enough in the eyes of the man who fears him. Hist. 2.80.1Et posse ab exercitū prīncipem fierī sibi ipse Vitellius documentō, nūllīs stīpendiīs, nūllā mīlitārī fāmā, Galbae odiō prōvectus.And that an emperor can be made by an army, Vitellius is himself his own proof, raised up with no years of service, no military reputation, by hatred of Galba. Hist. 2.80.1Nē Othōnem quidem ducis arte aut exercitūs vī, sed praeproperā ipsīus dēspērātiōne victum, iam dēsīderābilem et magnum prīncipem fēcit, cum interim spargit legiōnēs, exarmat cohortīs, nova cōtīdiē bellō sēmina ministrat.Even Otho, defeated not by a general's skill or an army's might but by his own over-hasty despair, he has made into a great emperor, already missed, while all the while he scatters the legions, disarms the cohorts, and supplies new seeds for war every day.

Hist. 2.80.1Sī quid ardōris ac ferōciae mīles habuit, popīnīs et cōmissātiōnibus et prīncipis imitātiōne dēteritur: tibi ē Iūdaeā et Syriā et Aegyptō novem legiōnēs integrae, nūllā aciē exhaustae, nōn discordiā corruptae, sed firmātus ūsū mīles et bellī domitor externī: classium alārum cohortium rōbora et fīdissimī rēgēs et tua ante omnīs experientia."Whatever ardour and fierceness his soldiers had is being worn away by taverns and carousals and imitation of their emperor: you have from Judaea and Syria and Egypt nine legions intact, exhausted by no battle, not corrupted by discord, but soldiers hardened by practice and victors in a foreign war: the strength of fleets, cavalry squadrons and cohorts, and the most loyal kings, and your experience beyond all others.'

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (182 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
pavor, -ōris, m.terror, panic
nūtō, -āre, -āvīnod, sway
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
que, enclitic conj.and
firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstrengthen, secure
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
sēcrētus, -a, -umseparate; secret, private
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
iam, adv.now, already
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
omnis, -eall, every
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
an, conj.or (in questions)
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
glōriōsus, -a, -umglorious; boastful
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
effectus, -ūs m.result, accomplishment, success
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
nōn, adv.not
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sī, conj.if
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
coeptum, -ī n.undertaking, a thing begun
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
adquīrō, -quīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītusacquire, gain in addition
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
salūtāris, -ehealthful, beneficial, bringing safety
magnificus, -a, -umsplendid, magnificent
iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.)nearby; next to
deus, -ī, m.god
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
manus, -ūs, f.hand
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
adūlor, -ārī, -ātus sumflatter, fawn upon
expavēscō, -ere, -pāvībe terrified, take fright
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
cautus, -a, -umcareful, wary, on one's guard
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
velor; vel … vel: either … or
fundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay the foundations of, found, establish
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
exsurgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up, get up
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
torpeō, -ērebe numb, be paralysed
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
polluō, -ere, -uī, -ūtussoil, defile, desecrate
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
sopor, -ōris m.deep sleep
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
inhonestus, -a, -umdishonourable, shameful
tam, adv.so
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
servitūs, -tūtis, f.slavery, servitude
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
trānsvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry across or over
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
excidō, -ere, -cidīfall out, slip out
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
orīgō, -inis f.origin, beginning, source; ancestry
nōsplur. of ego
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
sed, conj.but
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
nātālis, -eof birth (diēs nātālis: birthday)
anteeō, -īre, -iīgo before, go ahead; surpass
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
documentum, -ī n.lesson, warning, example
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
odium, -ī, n.hatred
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ars, artis, f.art
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
praeproperus, -a, -umover-hasty, precipitate
dēspērātiō, -ōnis f.despair, hopelessness
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
dēsīderābilis, -edesirable, longed for; missed, regretted
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
interim (adv.)meanwhile
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
exarmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisarm
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
bellum, -ī, n.war
sēmen, sēminis n.seed
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ferōcia, -ae f.fierceness, untamed spirit
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
popīna, -ae f.cookshop, low tavern
cōmissātiō, -ōnis f.drinking party, revel
imitātiō, -ōnis f.imitation, copying
dēterō, -ere, -trīvī, -trītuswear away, impair, weaken; prune, trim
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
novem, indecl. adj.nine
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustusdrink up or off, drain
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
domitor, -ōris m.tamer, breaker (of horses); conqueror
externus, -a, -umoutside, foreign
classis, -is f.fleet
ala, -ae, f.wing
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
rēx, rēgis, m.king
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
experientia, -ae f.trial, testing; practical skill, experience
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.