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Tacitus · Historiae II

Histories 2.74

Vitellius visits the field of Bedriacum

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Hist. 2.74.1Inde Vitellius Cremōnam flexit et spectātō mūnere Caecīnae īnsistere Bedriacēnsibus campīs ac vestīgia recentis victōriae lūstrāre oculīs concupīvit, foedum atque atrōx spectāculum.From there Vitellius turned aside to Cremona and, after watching Caecina's gladiatorial show, longed to set foot on the plains of Bedriacum and survey with his own eyes the traces of the recent victory, a foul and dreadful spectacle. Hist. 2.74.1Intrā quadrāgēnsimum pugnae diem lacera corpora, truncī artūs, putrēs virōrum equōrumque fōrmae, īnfecta tābō humus, prōtrītīs arboribus ac frūgibus dīra vāstitās.Less than forty days after the battle, there were mangled bodies, severed limbs, the rotting shapes of men and horses, ground soaked with gore, and, with trees and crops trampled flat, a dreadful desolation. Hist. 2.74.1Nec minus inhūmāna pars viae quam Cremōnēnsēs laurū rosāque cōnstrāverant, extrūctīs altāribus caesīsque victimīs rēgium in mōrem;No less inhuman was the part of the road which the people of Cremona had strewn with laurel and roses, building altars and slaughtering victims in the manner of a king; Hist. 2.74.1quae laeta in praesēns mox perniciem ipsīs fēcēre.things which, joyful for the moment, soon brought ruin on the people themselves.

Hist. 2.74.1Aderant Valēns et Caecīna, mōnstrābantque pugnae locōs: hinc inrūpisse legiōnum agmen, hinc equitēs coortōs, inde circumfūsās auxiliōrum manūs: iam tribūnī praefectīque, sua quisque facta extollentēs, falsa vēra aut maiōra vērō miscēbant.Valens and Caecina were at his side and pointed out the places of the battle: from here the column of the legions had burst in, from here the cavalry had charged, from there the bands of auxiliaries had poured round them: and now tribunes and prefects, each extolling his own deeds, were mixing false with true, or with what was greater than the truth. Hist. 2.74.1Vulgus quoque mīlitum clamōre et gaudiō dēflectere viā, spatia certāminum recognōscere, aggerem armōrum, struēs corporum intuērī mīrārī;The common soldiers too turned aside from the road with shouting and joy, recognised the ground of the fighting, and gazed and marvelled at the heap of weapons and the piles of bodies; Hist. 2.74.1et erant quōs varia sors rērum lacrimaeque et misericordia subīret.and there were some who were overcome by the changeable fortune of affairs, by tears and by pity.

Hist. 2.74.1At nōn Vitellius flexit oculōs nec tot mīlia īnsepultōrum cīvium exhorruit: laetus ultrō et tam propinquae sortis ignārus īnstaurābat sacrum dīs locī.But Vitellius did not turn away his eyes, nor did he shudder at so many thousands of unburied citizens: joyful, indeed, and unaware of a fate so close at hand, he was offering sacrifice to the gods of the place.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (122 words)
inde (adv.)from there; then
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
Bedriacēnsis, -eof Bedriacum
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
victōria, -ae, f.victory
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
concupīscō, -cupīscere, -cupīvī, -cupītuslong for, covet
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
intrā, prep. with acc.within
quadrāgēsimus (quadrāgēnsimus), -a, -umfortieth
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lacer, -era, -erumtorn, mangled
corpus, corporis, n.body
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
artūs, -uum m. pl.joints; limbs, body
puter, putris, putrerotten, decaying; crumbling, loose (soil)
vir, virī, m.man
equus, -ī, m.horse
que, enclitic conj.and
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
īnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusstain, dye
tābum, -ī n.gore, putrid blood; plague
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
prōterō, -ere, -trīvī, -trītustrample down, crush; drive out
arbor, -oris, f.tree
frūx, frūgis f. (usu. pl.)crops, produce
dīrus, -a, -umdreadful
vāstitās, -ātis f.desolation, devastation
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
inhūmānus, -a, -uminhuman, savage, cruel
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
via, -ae, f.road, way
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
laurus, -ī f.laurel, bay tree
rosa, -ae f.rose
cōnsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātuscover, strew, lay over
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctuspile or heap up, build, erect
altāria, -ium n. pl.altar
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
victima, -ae, f.victim
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
mox, adv.soon
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, show
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour around; (passive) crowd around, surround
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
manus, -ūs, f.hand
iam, adv.now, already
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
factum, -ī n.deed, act
extollō, -erelift up, raise; praise, exalt
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
quoque, adv.also
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
dēflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexusbend aside, turn off (the road)
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
recognōscō, -ere, -gnōvī, -gnitusgo over again, review, recall
agger, aggeris m.mound, siege ramp
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
struēs, -is f.a heap, pile; a pile of sacrificial cakes; a pyre
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
varius, -a, -umvarious
sors, sortis, f.lot
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
misericordia, -ae, f;pity, compassion
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
at, conj.but
nōn, adv.not
tot (indecl.)so many
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
īnsepultus, -a, -umunburied
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
exhorrēscō, -ere, -horruīshudder, tremble with fear
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
tam, adv.so
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
īnstaurō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenew, begin again
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
deus, -ī, m.god
Tacitus, Historiae II. Latin text: C. D. Fisher, Cornelii Taciti Historiarum Libri (Oxford, 1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.